• closedAccess   Analytical investigation of cannabis biomarkers in raw urban wastewater to refine consumption estimates 

      Campos-Mañas, Marina Celia; Van Wichelen, Natan; Covaci, Adrian; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Been, Frederic; Castiglioni, Sara; Hernandez, Felix; Bijlsma, Lubertus Elsevier (2022-08)
      Wastewater analysis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) biomarkers can provide essential information on trends in cannabis consumption. Although analysis is mostly focused on the aqueous phase, previous studies have illustrated ...
    • openAccess   Assessing geographical differences in illicit drug consumption – A comparison of results from epidemiological and wastewater data in Germany and Switzerland 

      Been, Frederic; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Benaglia, Lisa; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Botero-Coy, Ana Maria; Castiglioni, Sara; Kraus, Ludwig; Zobel, Frank; Schaub, Michael P.; Bücheli, Alexander; Hernandez, Felix; Delémont, Olivier; Esseiva, Pierre; Ort, Christoph Elsevier (2016-04-01)
      Background: Wastewater analysis is an innovative approach that allows monitoring illicit drug use at the community level. This study focused on investigating geographical differences in drug consumption by comparing ...
    • closedAccess   Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis 

      Bijlsma, Lubertus; Hernandez, Felix; Thomas, Kevin V.; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; Emke, Erik; Grabic, Roman; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Lindberg, Richard H.; López de Alda, Miren; Meierjohann, Axel; Ort, Christoph; Picó Gracia, Yolanda; Quintana, José B.; Reid, Malcolm; Rieckermann, Jörg; Terzic, Senka; van Nuijs, Alexander; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2012-08)
      The analysis of sewage for urinary biomarkers of illicit drugs is a promising and complementary approach for estimating the use of these substances in the general population. For the first time, this approach was simultaneously ...
    • openAccess   Comparison of pharmaceutical, illicit drug, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine levels in wastewater with sale, seizure and consumption data for 8 European cities 

      Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Salvatore, Stefania; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Bade, Richard; Castiglioni, Sara; Castrignanò, Erika; Causanilles, Ana; Hernandez, Felix; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann-Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Reid, Malcolm; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Ryu, Yeonsuk; de Voogt, Pim; Bramness, Jorgen; Thomas, Kevin V. BioMed Central (2016)
      Background: Monitoring the scale of pharmaceuticals, illicit and licit drugs consumption is important to assess the needs of law enforcement and public health, and provides more information about the different trends within ...
    • openAccess   Critical review on the stability of illicit drugs in sewers and wastewater samples 

      McCall, Ann-Kathrin; Bade, Richard; Kinyua, Juliet; Lai, Foon Yin; Thai, Phong K.; Covaci, Adrian; Bijlsma, Lubertus; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph Elsevier (2015-10)
      Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) applies advanced analytical methods to quantify drug residues in wastewater with the aim to estimate illicit drug use at the population level. Transformation processes during transport ...
    • closedAccess   Enantiomeric profiling of chiral illicit drugs in a pan-European study 

      Castrignanò, Erika; Yang, Zhugen; Bade, Richard; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Castiglioni, Sara; Causanilles, Ana; Covaci, Adrian; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Hernandez, Felix; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Ryu, Yeonsuk; Thomas, Kevin V.; de Voogt, Pim; Zuccato, Ettore; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara Elsevier (2018)
      The aim of this paper is to present the first study on spatial and temporal variation in the enantiomeric profile of chiral drugs in eight European cities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and enantioselective analysis ...
    • closedAccess   Evaluation of Uncertainties Associated with the Determination of Community Drug Use through the Measurement of Sewage Drug Biomarkers 

      Castiglioni, Sara; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Covaci, Adrian; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; Reid, Malcolm; Ort, Christoph; Thomas, Kevin V.; van Nuijs, Alexander; de Voogt, Pim; Zuccato, Ettore American Chemical Society (2013)
      The aim of this study was to integrally address the uncertainty associated with all the steps used to estimate community drug consumption through the chemical analysis of sewage biomarkers of illicit drugs. Uncertainty has ...
    • closedAccess   Improving wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate cannabis use: focus on the initial aspects of the analytical procedure 

      Causanilles, Ana; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Burgard, Daniel A.; Emke, Erik; González-Mariño, Iria; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Li, Angela; Love, Arndis S. C.; McCall, Ann Kathrin; Montes, Rosa; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Quintana, José B.; Senta, Ivan; Terzic, Senka; Hernandez, Felix; de Voogt, Pim; Bijlsma, Lubertus Elsevier (2017-10-02)
      estimating drug use by the general population, based on the quantitative analysis of specific human metabolites of illicit drugs in urban wastewater. Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug and of high interest for ...
    • openAccess   Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in wastewater associated with tobacco use 

      Ryu, Yeonsuk; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Bade, Richard; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Bramness, Jorgen; Castiglioni, Sara; Castrignanò, Erika; Causanilles, Ana; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Hernandez, Felix; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann-Kathrin; Ort, Christoph; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Reid, Malcolm; Thomas, Kevin V. Nature Publishing Group (2016)
      Wastewater analysis has been demonstrated to be a complementary approach for assessing the overall patterns of drug use by a population while the full potential of wastewater-based epidemiology has yet to be explored. ...
    • closedAccess   Influent wastewater analysis to investigate emerging trends of new psychoactive substances use in Europe 

      Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Been, Frederic; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Boogaerts, Tim; Covaci, Adrian; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Matias, João; Ort, Christoph; Bodík, Igor; Heath, Ester; Styszko, Katarzyna; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; van Nuijs, Alexander; Castiglioni, Sara Elsevier (2024-01-27)
      Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide objective and timely information on the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), originally designed as legal alternatives of internationally controlled drugs. NPS have ...
    • openAccess   Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of synthetic cathinones and phenethylamines in influent wastewater of eight European cities 

      Bade, Richard; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Sancho, Juan V; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Castiglioni, Sara; Castrignanò, Erika; Causanilles, Ana; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann-Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Ryu, Yeonsuk; Thomas, Kevin V.; de Voogt, Pim; Zuccato, Ettore; Hernandez, Felix Elsevier (2017)
      The popularity of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has grown in recent years, with certain NPS commonly and preferentially consumed even following the introduction of preventative legislation. With the objective to improve ...
    • openAccess   Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of synthetic cathinones and phenethylamines in influent wastewater of eight European cities 

      Bade, Richard; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Sancho, Juan V; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Castiglioni, Sara; Castrignanò, Erika; Causanilles, Ana; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann-Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Ryu, Yeonsuk; Thomas, Kevin V.; de Voogt, Pim; Zuccato, Ettore; Hernandez, Felix Elsevier (2017-02)
      The popularity of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has grown in recent years, with certain NPS commonly and preferentially consumed even following the introduction of preventative legislation. With the objective to improve ...
    • openAccess   Mass spectrometric strategies for the investigation of biomarkers of illicit drug use in wastewater 

      Hernandez, Felix; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Ort, Christoph; Reid, Malcolm; Vicente Sancho, Juan; Thomas, Kevin V.; van Nuijs, Alexander; Zuccato, Ettore; Bijlsma, Lubertus Wiley (2018)
      The analysis of illicit drugs in urban wastewater is the basis of wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE), and has received much scientific attention because the concentrations measured can be used as a new non‐intrusive tool ...
    • openAccess   Multi-year interlaboratory exercises for the analysis of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater: development of a quality control system 

      van Nuijs, Alexander; Lai, Foon Yin; Been, Frederic; Andrés-Costa, Maria Jesús; Barron, León P.; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Benaglia, Lisa; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castiglioni, Sara; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Fick, Jerker; Hernandez, Felix; Gerber, Cobus; González-Marino, Iria; Grabic, Roman; Gunnar, Teemu; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kokot, Zenon; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Li, Angela; Li, Xiqing; Love, Arndis S. C.; López de Alda, Miren; McCall, Ann Kathrin; Meyer, Markus R.; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake; Quintana, José B.; Reid, Malcolm; Schneider, Serge; Sadler Simoes, Susana; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin; Yargeau, Viviane; Ort, Christoph Elsevier (2018)
      This study presents the development of a worldwide inter-laboratory testing scheme for the analysis of seven illicit drug residues in different matrices (standard solutions, tap- and wastewater). By repeating this exercise ...
    • openAccess   Sewage-based Epidemiology Requires a Truly Transdisciplinary Approach 

      Ort, Christoph; Banta-Green, Caleb J.; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Castiglioni, Sara; Emke, Erik; Gartner, Coral; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Reid, Malcolm; Rieckermann, Jörg; van Nuijs, Alexander oekom verlag (2014)
      If asked whether you had consumed illicit drugs recently, would you admit it? If yes, could you precisely recall types of drug, times and amounts used? If you were the person commissioned with the task of quantifying drug ...
    • openAccess   Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis 

      Ort, Christoph; van Nuijs, Alexander; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Griffiths, Paul; Hernandez, Felix; González-Mariño, Iria; Grabic, Roman; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Mastroianni, Nicola; Meierjohann, Axel; Nefau, Thomas; Östman, Marcus; Picó Gracia, Yolanda; Racamonde, Inés; Reid, Malcolm; Slobodnik, Jaroslav; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin V. Wiley (2014-08)
      Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting ...
    • openAccess   Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring 

      González-Mariño, Iria; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Alygizakis, Nikiforos; Andrés-Costa, Maria Jesús; Bade, Richard; Bannwarth, Anne; Barron, Leon; Been, Frederic; Benaglia, Lisa; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Bodík, Igor; Brenner, Asher; Brock, Andreas L.; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castrignanò, Erika; Celma, Alberto; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Covaci, Adrian; Delémont, Olivier; de Voogt, Pim; Devault, Damien A.; Mário J. Dias, Mário J.; Emke, Erik; Esseiva, Pierre; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Fedorova, Ganna; Fytianos, Konstantinos; Gerber, Cobus; Grabic, Roman; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Grüner, Stefan; Gunnar, Teemu; Hapeshi, Evroula; Heath, Ester; Helm, Björn; Hernandez, Felix; Kankaanpaa, Aino; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Lai, Foon Yin; Lechowicz, Wojciech; Lopes, Alvaro; López de Alda, Miren; López-García, Ester; Löve, Arndís; Mastroianni, Nicola; McEneff, Gillian; Montes, Rosa; Munro, Kelly; Nefau, Thomas; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake William; Oertel, Reinhard; Olafsdottir, Kristin; Picó, Yolanda; Plosz, Benedek; Polesel, Fabio; Postigo, Cristina; Quintana, José Benito; Ramin Pedram; Reid, Malcolm J.; Rice, Jack; Rodil, Rosario; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Schubert, Sara; Senta, Ivan; Simões, Susana M.; Sremački, Maja; Styszko, Katarzyna; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin V.; Tscharke, Ben J.; Udrisard, Robin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Yargeau Viviane; Zuccato, Ettore; Castiglioni, Sara; Ort, Christoph Wiley (2020-01)
      Background and aims: Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess ...