Development and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Social Stigma Scale (S3)

Abstract

Background: Mental health problems are associated with negative connotations that may lead to discrimination and rejection of people diagnosed with mental disorders. The present study aimed to develop and validate a new scale (the Spanish Social Stigma Scale—S3) to assess the current level of social stigma in the general Spanish population. (2) Methods: The assessment tool was developed after reviewing the items of existing tools that represent the most appropriate indicators for the assessment of social stigma. A review was performed by volunteer subjects and by a group of experts in the field, based on the participation of 563 respondents to a survey. (3) Results: The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the developed tool fits with the factors that determine the level of social stigma and shows good internal consistency (χ 2 SB = 412.0321, gl = 293, p < 0.01; BBNNFI = 0.922; CFI = 0.930; IFI = 0.931; RMSEA = 0.028 [0.022, 0.035]). (4) Conclusions: The S3 is useful for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards people diagnosed with a mental disorder. This tool may be used for the identification and development of mechanisms necessary for the reduction of social stigma in the general population.