Departament: Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia

URI permanente para esta comunidad

https://repositori.uji.es/handle/10234/8033

Examinar

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 1068

ArtículoAcceso abierto
A blended intervention for adjustment disorder: Study protocol for a feasibility trial
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-03-01) Fernández-Buendía, Sara; Cuijpers, Pim; Grimaldos García, Jorge; Díaz-García, Amanda; Palau-Batet, María; Quero, Soledad
Introduction Adjustment disorder (AjD) is a maladaptive response to one or more psychosocial stressors. In many cases, the symptomatology of this disorder disappears once the stressor or its consequences are no longer present. However, in some cases, if left untreated, the symptoms may worsen and develop into a more severe mental disorder. In this regard, different authors propose that a low-intensity intervention may be suitable for this disorder. Previous studies with other mental disorders and with patients with AjD found that blended interventions can be a viable and effective option. The aim of this study is to analyze the feasibility (the participants' expectations and preferences, the satisfaction and acceptance, the appropriateness of different methods of recruitment and data collection, and the reasons for dropping out) of a blended cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBT) for AjD that combines the use of a self-applied Internet-based program with videoconference sessions with a therapist. As a secondary objective, the potential efficacy of this intervention will be tested. Method and analysis A feasibility trial with a single-group and open-trial design will be conducted. A total of 41 participants will be assigned to the single treatment group. All the participants will be assessed for eligibility and respond at four measurement points: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3- and 12-month follow-ups. The treatment combines the use of an Internet-based intervention through a web platform with videoconference sessions with a therapist every 10–12 days. The intervention contains seven modules and is based on CBT. The main outcome measures are related to the feasibility of the intervention (adherence, treatment satisfaction and expectations, participants' opinions, preferences, therapeutic alliance, and usability). Clinical measures will also be assessed. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to test a blended intervention for AjD in the Spanish language. We expect this intervention to be feasible, and that a future Randomized Controlled Trial will be able to show its efficacy. Potential limitations include difficulties in recruiting the sample, failures in the computer systems, or a high dropout rate. Measures have been taken to try to reduce the impact of these limitations. This study received the approval of the Ethics committee of Universitat Jaume I in March 2022 (CD/42/2022). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05464121. Registered 19 July 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05464121.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A brief online transdiagnostic measure: Psychometric properties of the Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) among Spanish patients with emotional disorders
(Public Library of Science, 2018) González-Robles, Alberto; Mira, Adriana; Miguel Sanz, Clara; Molinari, Guadalupe; Díaz-García, Amanda; Díaz-García, Amanda; Bretón-López, Juana; Quero, Soledad; Baños, Rosa Maria; Botella, Cristina
The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) is a self-report questionnaire designed to evaluate the severity and functional impairment associated with anxiety. Given its transdiagnostic nature, it can be used indistinctly across anxiety and depressive disorders. In this study, the psychometric properties of the online version of the OASIS were evaluated in a Spanish clinical sample with emotional disorders. Patients (n = 583) with anxiety (n = 250) and depression (n = 333) with a mean age of 37.21 (SD = 12.22), underwent a diagnostic interview and questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, positive and negative affect, and quality of life. Factorial structure, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, cutoff scores, and sensitivity to change were analyzed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded a unidimensional factor structure, consistent with previous validations of the instrument. The analyses showed good internal consistency and adequate convergent and discriminant validity, as well as sensitivity to change. A cutoff score of 7.5 was found to meet the criteria used in this study to select the optimal cutoff point. Overall, in this study, the psychometric properties of the online version of the OASIS were found to be appropriate. The brevity and ease of use of the OASIS support its adequacy as a valid measure of anxiety severity and impairment in Spanish clinical samples with anxiety and depression.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A cognitive neuroscience approach to individual differences in sensitivity to reward
(Springer-Verlag, 2008) Avila, Cesar; Parcet, Maria Antònia; Barrós-Loscertales, Alfonso
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory proposes that a neurobiological system, the Behavioral Activation System, defines individual differences on the subject’s sensitivity and reactivity to appetitive stimuli associated with mesocorticolimbic structures, while this system does not mediate aversive stimulus processing. However, Jeffrey A. Gray’s model also predicts the system’s antagonism between this appetitive system and another aversive stimulus sensitive system, the Behavioral Inhibitory System/Fight-Flight-Freeze System, mostly associated with limbic structures. Therefore, direct modulation of brain activation during appetitive stimulus processing should be expected from the Behavioral Activation System, while inverse modulation during aversive stimulus processing may be expected to reflect the system’s antagonism. Using the Sensitivity to Reward scale of the SPSR questionnaire to assess individual differences in the activity of the reward system, we present different behavioral and neuroimaging data to illustrate our view. The first experiment was based on a simple letter-judgment task while viewing erotic and aversive pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System. A second experiment employed a task performed by participants to detect infrequent aversive (i.e., stop) signals when responding to reward. The results from these studies were consistent with the idea that Behavioral Activation System-related personality traits mediate the brain activation associated with appetitive stimulus processing in reward-related areas, while it also showed its antagonism to aversive systems through a negative mediation on the limbic cortex activation. To conclude, sensitivity to reward may be understood as a form of impulsivity related to both better appetitive learning and poorer aversive learning.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A comparison of brain activation patterns during covert and overt paced auditory serial addition test tasks
(Wiley, 2008-06) Forn, Cristina; Ventura Campos, Mercedes; Belenguer Benavides, Antonio; Belloch, Vicente; Parcet, Maria Antònia; Avila, Cesar
The Paced Auditory Serial Addition test (PASAT) is a sensitive task for evaluating cognitive impairment in patients with diffuse brain disorders, such as multiple sclerosis patients. Brain areas involved in this task have been investigated in diverse fMRI studies using different methodologies to control the subjects' responses during scanning. Here, we examined the possible differences between overt and covert responses during the PASAT task in 13 volunteers. Results showed similar activations in parietal and frontal brain areas during both versions of the task. The contrast between the two conditions (overt and covert) indicated that differences in these two methodologies were minimal. Unlike the covert condition, the overt version of the task obtained significant activations in the left superior and inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral occipital cortex, caudate nucleus and cerebellum. As expected, no significant overactivations were observed in the covert when compared with the overt condition. Discussion focuses on the lower cost of using verbal responses to monitor performance during the PASAT task, which might be generalisable to other frontal lobe tasks requiring discrete responses.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A Cross - Cultural Validation of VR Treatment System for Flying Phobia in the Mexican Population
(Interactive Media Institute, 2009) Cárdenas-López, Georgina; Botella, Cristina; Quero, Soledad; MOREYRA JIMÉNEZ, Liliana; DE LA ROSA GOMEZ, ANABEL; Muñoz, Sandra
Anxiety as a symptom or disorder is affected by multiple variables such as antecedent events, interpretation of the events, psychological vulnerability, and individual differences in the reaction towards an event. Nowadays, virtual-reality therapy is used as therapeutic tool for patients suffering from some kind of anxiety disorder. In Mexico, the National Survey on Psychiatric Epidemiology [1] informed that anxiety disorders are the most common disorders followed by affective disorders, which are more prevalent in women than in men. Among the different anxiety disorders, the category of specific phobias (7.1%) was the most common. Based on this demand, a collaborative effort between research groups from the University Jaume I in Spain and the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), initiated a project which purpose was the technological transfer of systems based on virtual reality for the treatment of Fear of Flying to be implemented and evaluated in the Mexican population. The treatment protocol developed by Botella et al., [2] has been applied to five volunteer participants. In this paper we present data of adapted treatment protocols in Mexican population that support the efficacy of VR of treatment of fear of flying, achieved by the Spanish research group.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A cross-national examination of cannabis protective behavioral strategies’ role in the relationship between Big Five personality traits and cannabis outcomes
(Taylor and Francis, 2021-06-16) Herchenroeder, Luke; Mezquita, Laura; Bravo, Adrian; Pilatti, Angelina; Prince, Mark A.
Background: Problematic cannabis use is common among young adults across the world. However, limited research has examined whether etiological models predicting negative consequences are universal. Objective: The present study examined whether the Five-Factor Model of personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) relates to cannabis outcomes via use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) in a cross-national sample of college student cannabis users (i.e., used cannabis in the last 30 days). Method: Participants were 1175 university students (63.27% female) across five countries (United States, Argentina, Spain, Uruguay, and the Netherlands) recruited to complete an online survey. Results: PBS use mediated the associations between personality traits and cannabis consequences, such that higher conscientiousness (β = .20), agreeableness (β = .11), and lower emotional stability [i.e., higher neuroticism] (β = −.14) were associated with more PBS use. Higher PBS use was, in turn, associated with lower frequency of cannabis use (β = −.32); lower frequency of use was then associated with fewer cannabis consequences (β = .34). This sequential pathway was invariant across sex, but not countries. Notably, there were a number of differences in links between PBS and cannabis outcomes when comparing countries (e.g., negative associations in the US sample, but positive associations in the Argentina sample). Conclusions: Cannabis PBS mediates the relationship between personality traits and cannabis outcomes, but there are nuanced differences across countries (i.e., relationship between PBS and cannabis outcomes). Overall, students that are low in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism and/or report low rates of PBS use may benefit from cannabis PBS-focused interventions that promote utilization of PBS.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A cross-sectional and longitudinal study on the protective effect of bilingualism against dementia using brain atrophy and cognitive measures.
(Springer, 2020-01-10) Costumero, Víctor; Marin-Marin, Lidón; Calabria, Marco; Belloch, Vicente; Escudero, Joaquín; Baquero Toledo, Miguel; Hernández, Mireia; Ruiz de Miras, Juan; Costa, Albert; Parcet, Maria Antònia; Avila, Cesar
Background: Evidence from previous studies suggests that bilingualism contributes to cognitive reserve because bilinguals manifest the first symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) up to 5 years later than monolinguals. Other cross-sectional studies demonstrate that bilinguals show greater amounts of brain atrophy and hypometabolism than monolinguals, despite sharing the same diagnosis and suffering from the same symptoms. However, these studies may be biased by possible pre-existing between-group differences. Methods: In this study, we used global parenchymal measures of atrophy and cognitive tests to investigate the protective effect of bilingualism against dementia cross-sectionally and prospectively, using a sample of bilinguals and monolinguals in the same clinical stage and matched on sociodemographic variables. Results: Our results suggest that the two groups did not differ in their cognitive status at baseline, but bilinguals had less parenchymal volume than monolinguals, especially in areas related to brain atrophy in dementia. In addition, a longitudinal prospective analysis revealed that monolinguals lost more parenchyma and had more cognitive decline than bilinguals in a mean follow-up period of 7 months. Conclusion: These results provide the first prospective evidence that bilingualism may act as a neuroprotective factor against dementia and could be considered a factor in cognitive reserve.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Data-Driven Clustering Method for Discovering Profiles in the Dynamics of Major Depressive Disorder Using a Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment of Mood
(Frontiers Media, 2022) Van Genugten, Claire Rosalie; Schuurmans, Josien; Hoogendoorn, Adriaan Willem; Araya, Ricardo; Andersson, Gerhard; Baños, Rosa Maria; Berger, Thomas; Botella, Cristina; Cerga Pashoja, Arlinda; Cieslak, Roman; Ebert, David Daniel; García-Palacios, Azucena; Hazo, Jean-Baptiste
Background: Although major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a pervasive negative mood, research indicates that the mood of depressed patients is rarely entirely stagnant. It is often dynamic, distinguished by highs and lows, and it is highly responsive to external and internal regulatory processes. Mood dynamics can be defined as a combination of mood variability (the magnitude of the mood changes) and emotional inertia (the speed of mood shifts). The purpose of this study is to explore various distinctive profiles in real-time monitored mood dynamics among MDD patients in routine mental healthcare. Methods: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data were collected as part of the cross-European E-COMPARED trial, in which approximately half of the patients were randomly assigned to receive the blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (bCBT). In this study a subsample of the bCBT group was included (n = 287). As part of bCBT, patients were prompted to rate their current mood (on a 1–10 scale) using a smartphone-based EMA application. During the first week of treatment, the patients were prompted to rate their mood on three separate occasions during the day. Latent profile analyses were subsequently applied to identify distinct profiles based on average mood, mood variability, and emotional inertia across the monitoring period. Results: Overall, four profiles were identified, which we labeled as: (1) “very negative and least variable mood” (n = 14) (2) “negative and moderate variable mood” (n = 204), (3) “positive and moderate variable mood” (n = 41), and (4) “negative and highest variable mood” (n = 28). The degree of emotional inertia was virtually identical across the profiles. Conclusions: The real-time monitoring conducted in the present study provides some preliminary indications of different patterns of both average mood and mood variability among MDD patients in treatment in mental health settings. Such varying patterns were not found for emotional inertia.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of frontal networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder during cognitive reappraisal
(Cambridge University Press, 2022-10-03) De la Peña-Arteaga, Víctor; Morgado, Pedro; Couto, Beatriz; Ferreira, Sónia; Castro, Inês; Sousa, Nuno; Soriano-Mas, Carles; Picó-Pérez, Maria
Background Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) present difficulties in the cognitive regulation of emotions, possibly because of inefficient recruitment of distributed patterns of frontal cortex regions. The aim of the present study is to characterize the brain networks, and their dysfunctions, related to emotion regulation alterations observed during cognitive reappraisal in OCD. Methods Adult patients with OCD (n = 31) and healthy controls (HC; n = 30) were compared during performance of a functional magnetic resonance imaging cognitive reappraisal protocol. We used a free independent component analysis approach to analyze network-level alterations during emotional experience and regulation. Correlations with behavioral scores were also explored. Results Analyses were focused on six networks encompassing the frontal cortex. OCD patients showed decreased activation of the frontotemporal network in comparison with HC (F(1,58) = 7.81, p = 0.007) during cognitive reappraisal. A similar trend was observed in the left frontoparietal network. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that patients with OCD show decreased activation of specific networks implicating the frontal cortex during cognitive reappraisal. These outcomes should help to better characterize the psychological processes modulating fear, anxiety, and other core symptoms of patients with OCD, as well as the associated neurobiological alterations, from a system-level perspective.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A guided Internet‐delivered intervention for adjustment disorders: A randomized controlled trial
(Wiley, 2020) Rachyla, Iryna; Mor, Sonia; Cuijpers, Pim; Botella, Cristina; Castilla, Diana; Quero, Soledad
Evidence of self‐help interventions for adjustment disorder (AjD) is limited. This study aims at testing in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) the effectiveness of a disorder‐specific, Internet‐delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (ICBT) intervention for AjD. Participants were randomly allocated to either an ICBT with brief weekly telephone support (n = 34) or a waiting list group (n = 34). Beck's inventories for depression and anxiety were used as primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes were AjD symptoms, post‐traumatic growth, positive and negative affect, and quality of life. In all, 76.5% of the participants completed the intervention. Compared with the control group, participants in the intervention condition showed significantly greater improvement in all outcomes (Cohen's d ranged from 0.54 to 1.21) except in anxiety symptoms measured by Beck Anxiety Inventory (d = 0.27). Only ICBT group showed a significant improvement in post‐traumatic growth, positive and negative affect, and quality of life. The number of cases that achieved clinically meaningful change in all outcome measures was also higher in the ICBT group. All therapeutic gains were maintained at 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. The current study provides evidence on the effectiveness of ICBT interventions to reduce the impact of AjD. Results suggest that brief self‐help intervention with minimal therapist support is more effective than the mere passage of time in reducing the distress symptoms associated to the disorder and also can confer additional benefits.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Longitudinal Examination of Different Etiological Pathways to Alcohol Use and Misuse
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014-06) Mezquita, Laura; Ibáñez, Manuel I; Moya-Higueras, Jorge; Villa Martín, Elena; Ortet, Generós
Background: Sher, Grekin, and Williams (2005) pointed out the existence of 4 main etiological, but not mutually exclusive, models that might explain the development of alcohol use and misuse. The aim of the present study was to explore 3 of these 4 pathways in which psychological (personality and drinking motives) and environmental (child maltreatment) variables may play a relevant role: positive affect regulation, negative affect regulation, and deviance proneness. Methods: Three hundred and fourteen young adults in the 18 to 29 year age range completed different personality, alcoholuse, andchildmaltreatment questionnaires at Time1.Five years later, they responded to drinkingmotives,antisocial behavior, alcohol use, andalcohol-related problemsquestionnaires. Results: The path analyses showed that emotional abuse predicted negative emotionality, which, in turn, prospectively predicted alcohol-related problems through coping-with-depression drinking motives (negative affect regulation). Emotional neglect predicted lesser positive emotionality, and physical abuse predicted unconscientious disinhibition personality characteristics. In turn, these 2 broad personality domains predicted drinking at weekends at Time 2 through enhancement drinking motives (positive affect regulation). Finally, physical neglect predicted disagreeable disinhibition, and both disinhibition domains directly predicted antisocial behavior 5 years later which, in turn, predicted drinking at weekends, drinking on weekdays, and alcohol-related problems (deviance proneness). Conclusions: The findings describe the specific role of distal (maltreatment and personality) and more proximal (antisocial behavior and drinking motives) variables in the different pathways involved in the development of alcohol use and misuse.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A longitudinal study exploring the evolution of pain during pregnancy and after delivery: does worry matter?
(Springer, 2021-10) CATALA, Patricia; Suso-Ribera, Carlos; Marin, Dolores; Bedmar, Dolores; Peñacoba, Cecilia
The aim of this study is to evaluate the evolution of pain through pregnancy until after delivery, as well as to explore the mediating role of pregnancy worries in this evolution of pain. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study. The convenience sample was evaluated on four separate occasions: in the first trimester of pregnancy (pain), during the third trimester (pain and worry), during labor (pain), and after birth (< 24 h; pain). The final sample included 120 pregnant women with a mean age of 31.29 years (SD = 4.9; range = [22, 42 years]). The results evidenced changes in pain over time (F = 13.31, p < .001). Pain severity increased in the third trimester compared to the first trimester (t = − 4.60; 95% CI = [− 1.31, − 0.52]; p < .001), while pain during the third trimester and pain after delivery were comparable (t = − 0.94; 95% CI = [− 1.02, 0.36]; p = .35). Pain during labor was uncorrelated with all other pain measures, so it was not included in the model. The results of the mediation analyses indicated a total effect of pain during pregnancy (first and third trimester) and worry on pain severity after delivery (B = 0.35; SE = 0.14; t = 2.43; 95% CI = [0.06, 0.65]; p = .017). Pregnancy worries (B = 0.14; SE = 0.07; 95% CI = [0.06, 0.29]), but not pain during the third trimester (B = 0.03; SE = 0.12; 95% CI = [− 0.17, 0.31]) mediated the relationship between pain during the first trimester and pain after delivery. These results support the need to reduce worry in pregnant mothers, especially when pain during the first trimester is high, to reduce the risk of pain after delivery.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Low-Intensity Internet-Based Intervention Focused on the Promotion of Positive Affect for the Treatment of Depression in Spanish Primary Care: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
(MDPI, 2020-11-03) Vara, Mª Dolores; Mira, Adriana; Miragall, Marta; García-Palacios, Azucena; Botella, Cristina; Gili, Margalida; RIERA, PAU; Garcia-Campayo, Javier; Mayoral-Cleries, Fermin; Baños, Rosa Maria
Background: A large number of low-intensity Internet-based interventions (IBIs) for the treatment of depression have emerged in Primary Care; most of them focused on decreasing negative emotions. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of addressing positive affect (PA) as well. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized control trial. We examine the role of an IBI focused on promoting PA in patients with depression in Primary Care (PC). The specific objectives were to explore the profile of the patients who benefit the most and to analyze the change mechanisms that predict a significantly greater improvement in positive functioning measures. Methods: 56 patients were included. Measures of depression, affect, well-being, health-related quality of life, and health status were administered. Results: Participants who benefited the most were those who had lower incomes and education levels and worse mental health scores and well-being at baseline (7.9%–39.5% of explained variance). Improvements in depression severity and PA were significant predictors of long-term change in well-being, F (3,55) = 17.78, p < 0.001, R2 = 47.8%. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of implementing IBIs in PC and the relevance of PA as a key target in Major Depressive Disorder treatment.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Lower Olfactory Capacity Is Related to Higher Circulating Concentrations of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and Higher Body Mass Index in Women
(Public Library of Science, 2016-02) Pastor, Antoni; Fernández Aranda, Fernando; Fitó, Montserrat; Jiménez-Murcia, Susana; Botella, Cristina; Fernández-Real, José Manuel; Frühbeck, Gema; Tinahones Madueño, Francisco Javier; Fagundo, Ana B.; Rodriguez, Joan; Agüera, Zaida; Langohr, Klaus; Casanueva, Felipe F.; De la Torre, Rafael
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system can promote food intake by increasing odor detection in mice. The eCB system is over-active in human obesity. Our aim is to measure circulating eCB concentrations and olfactory capacity in a human sample that includes people with obesity and explore the possible interaction between olfaction, obesity and the eCB system. The study sample was made up of 161 females with five groups of body mass index sub-categories ranging from under-weight to morbidly obese. We assessed olfactory capacity with the “Sniffin´Sticks” test, which measures olfactory threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) capacity. We measured plasma concentrations of the eCBs 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine or anandamide (AEA), and several eCB-related compounds, 2-acylglycerols and N-acylethanolamines. 2-AG and other 2-acylglycerols fasting plasma circulating plasma concentrations were higher in obese and morbidly obese subjects. AEA and other N-acylethanolamine circulating concentrations were lower in under-weight subjects. Olfactory TDI scores were lower in obese and morbidly obese subjects. Lower TDI scores were independently associated with higher 2-AG fasting plasma circulating concentrations, higher %body fat, and higher body mass index, after controlling for age, smoking, menstruation, and use of contraceptives. Our results show that obese subjects have a lower olfactory capacity than non-obese ones and that elevated fasting plasma circulating 2-AG concentrations in obesity are linked to a lower olfactory capacity. In agreement with previous studies we show that eCBs AEA and 2-AG, and their respective congeners have a distinct profile in relation to body mass index. The present report is the first study in humans in which olfactory capacity and circulating eCB concentrations have been measured in the same subjects.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Meta-analytic Review: Psychological Treatment of Subthreshold Depression in Children and Adolescents
(Elsevier, 2021-02-14) Cuijpers, Pim; Pineda, Blanca; Ng, Mei Yi; Weisz, John; Muñoz, Ricardo F.; Gentili, Claudio; Quero, Soledad; Karyotaki, Eirini
Objective: Subthreshold depression has been found to be associated with considerable impairment and an increased risk of developing major depression. Although several randomized trials have examined the effects of psychological interventions for subthreshold depression in children and adolescents, no meta-analysis has integrated the results of these trials. Method: We searched 4 bibliographic databases and included randomized trials comparing psychological interventions with control conditions in children and adolescents scoring above a cut-off of a depression questionnaire but not meeting diagnostic criteria for major depression (or persistent depressive disorder) according to a diagnostic interview. Effect sizes and incidence rates of major depression were pooled with random effects metaanalyses. Results: A total of 12 trials with 1,576 children and adolescents met inclusion criteria. The overall effect size indicating the difference between treatment and control at post-test was g ¼ 0.38 (95% CI ¼ 0.14–0.63), which corresponds to a number-needed-to-treat (NNT) of 8.4. Heterogeneity was moderate to high (I 2 ¼ 61; 95% CI ¼ 28–79), and there was significant risk of publication bias (p < .04). The 2 studies in children less than 12 years of age showed nonsignificant effects (g ¼ 0.01; 95% CI ¼ –1.16 to 1.18). We found no significant effect on the incidence of major depression at follow-up (relative risk ¼ 0.52; 95% CI ¼ 0.25–1.08), although this may be related to low statistical power. Conclusion: Interventions for subthreshold depression may have positive acute effects in adolescents. There is currently insufficient evidence, however, that these interventions are effective in children less than 12 years of age, or that they prevent the onset of major depression at follow-up.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Sexual Behavior Profiles: The SEX360 Model
(Springer Verlag, 2017) García Cruz, Eduard; Monguet, Josep Maria; Marre, Diana; González, Mònica; Peraza, Maria Fernanda; Sánchez, Carme; Suso-Ribera, Carlos; Trejo, Álex; Alcaraz, Antonio; Esta investigación no recibió ninguna subvención específica de ninguna agencia de financiación en el ámbito público, comercial o sectores sin fines de lucro.
The diversity of sexual behaviors is driven by multiple determinants, including physiological, cultural, educational, and sociological factors. However, the definition of sexual behavior profiles has been barely addressed from a comprehensive point of view. We aimed to develop a multidisciplinary questionnaire for defining individual sexual behavior profiles. The questionnaire was developed by a panel of experts with research experience in the fields of urology, gynecology, psychology, anthropology, and sexology. The list of items was defined in a focus group session and was based on four categories—family-oriented, loving, recreational, and functional—resulting from the combination of two axes: traditional versus non-traditional and sexual benefit versus extra-sexual benefit. Real-time Delphi dynamics was used to assign a weight to each question and a bias to the corresponding responses. The final questionnaire included 50 items considered relevant for describing sexual profiles; the final questionnaire was named SEX360. Of the 50 items included in SEX360, 14 were considered essential for computing the final score; 9 of them were associated with 2 categories, 4 of them with 4 categories, and 1 of them with 3. Nine items referred to the category “family-oriented”, 10 to “loving”, 8 to “recreational”, and 9 to “functional”. The weights assigned to each question ranged from 3.00 to 4.33, and the centers of gravity ranged from 1 to 4. The questionnaire proposed shows the existence of a vast diversity of sexual behavior profiles and may serve as a tool for sexual behavior research.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Multilevel Model to Assess the Effectiveness of an Affective-Sexual Education Program for People with Intellectual Disabilities: the Influence of Participants’ Characteristics
(Springer, 2023) Gil-Llario, MD; Fernández-García, Olga; Huedo-Medina, Tania; Nebot-Garcia, Juan Enrique; Ballester-Arnal, Rafael
Introduction Personal characteristics have been shown to influence the psychosexual development of people with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SALUDIVERSEX program about affective-sexual education depending on gender, age, relationship status, and degree of autonomy. Methods Two hundred fifty-four participants, clustered within 28 daytime support services, completed a battery of instru- ments before and after the intervention. The data was collected between January 2021 and April 2022. Results Multilevel analyses, controlling for participant’s dependence within the same center, confirm that the program is equally effective regardless of gender. Likewise, younger participants, who have greater autonomy and who have a partner, seem to benefit more from the intervention. Conclusions This suggests that the SALUDIVERSEX program is a useful tool for educating adults with intellectual dis- abilities on sexuality, when they possess a high degree of autonomy. Policy Implications The present study contributes to the successful replication of the intervention being tested, providing information on the aspects that may be more difficult to learn depending on the personal characteristics of the individuals.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A new window to understanding individual differences in reward sensitivity from attentional networks
(Springer, 2014-04) Costumero, Víctor; Barrós-Loscertales, Alfonso; Bustamante, Juan Carlos; Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola; Rosell Negre, Patricia; Ventura Campos, Mercedes; Avila, Cesar
Existing evidence suggests that the presence of reward cues modifies the activity in attentional networks, however, the nature of these influences remains poorly understood. Here, we performed independent component analysis (ICA) in two fMRI datasets corresponding to two incentive delay tasks, which compared the response to reward (money and erotic pictures) and neutral cues, and yielded activations in the ventral striatum using a general linear model approach. Across both experiments, ICA revealed that both the right frontoparietal network and default mode network time courses were positively and negatively modulated by reward cues, respectively. Moreover, this dual neural response pattern was enhanced in individuals with strong reward sensitivity. Therefore, ICA may be a complementary tool to investigate the relevant role of attentional networks on reward processing, and to investigate reward sensitivity in normal and pathological populations.
ArtículoAcceso abierto
A Novel and Selective Dopamine Transporter Inhibitor, (S)-MK-26, Promotes Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Restores Effort-Related Motivational Dysfunctions
(MDPI, 2022-07) Kouhnavardi, Shima; Ecevitoglu, Alev; Dragačević, Vladimir; Sanna, Fabrizio; Arias-Sandoval, Edgar; Kalaba, Predrag; Kirchhofer, Michael; Lubec, Jana; Niello, Marco; Holy, Marion; Zehl, Martin; Pillwein, Matthias; Wackerlig, Judith; Murau, Rita; Mohrmann, Andrea; Beard, Kathryn R.; Sitte, Harald; Urban, Ernst; Sagheddu, Claudia; Pistis, Marco; Plasenzotti, Roberto; Salamone, John; Langer, Thierry; Lubec, Gert; Monje, Francisco J.
Dopamine (DA), the most abundant human brain catecholaminergic neurotransmitter, modulates key behavioral and neurological processes in young and senescent brains, including motricity, sleep, attention, emotion, learning and memory, and social and reward-seeking behaviors. The DA transporter (DAT) regulates transsynaptic DA levels, influencing all these processes. Compounds targeting DAT (e.g., cocaine and amphetamines) were historically used to shape mood and cognition, but these substances typically lead to severe negative side effects (tolerance, abuse, addiction, and dependence). DA/DAT signaling dysfunctions are associated with neuropsychiatric and progressive brain disorders, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer diseases, drug addiction and dementia, resulting in devastating personal and familial concerns and high socioeconomic costs worldwide. The development of low-side-effect, new/selective medicaments with reduced abuse-liability and which ameliorate DA/DAT-related dysfunctions is therefore crucial in the fields of medicine and healthcare. Using the rat as experimental animal model, the present work describes the synthesis and pharmacological profile of (S)-MK-26, a new modafinil analogue with markedly improved potency and selectivity for DAT over parent drug. Ex vivo electrophysiology revealed significantly augmented hippocampal long-term synaptic potentiation upon acute, intraperitoneally delivered (S)-MK-26 treatment, whereas in vivo experiments in the hole-board test showed only lesser effects on reference memory performance in aged rats. However, in effort-related FR5/chow and PROG/chow feeding choice experiments, (S)-MK-26 treatment reversed the depression-like behavior induced by the dopamine-depleting drug tetrabenazine (TBZ) and increased the selection of high-effort alternatives. Moreover, in in vivo microdialysis experiments, (S)-MK-26 significantly increased extracellular DA levels in the prefrontal cortex and in nucleus accumbens core and shell. These studies highlight (S)-MK-26 as a potent enhancer of transsynaptic DA and promoter of synaptic plasticity, with predominant beneficial effects on effort-related behaviors, thus proposing therapeutic potentials for (S)-MK-26 in the treatment of low-effort exertion and motivational dysfunctions characteristic of depression and aging-related disorders.
ArtículoAcceso restringido
A positive psychological intervention using virtual reality for patients with advanced cancer in a hospital setting: a pilot study to assess feasibility
(Springer, 2013-01) Baños, Rosa Maria; Espinoza Venegas, Macarena Paz; Díaz-García, Amanda; Cervera, José M.; Esquerdo Galiana, Gaspar; Barrajón Martín de la Sierra, Enrique; Botella, Cristina
Purpose This study presents data on the feasibility and possible benefits of a psychological intervention that uses virtual reality to induce positive emotions on adult hospitalized patients with metastatic cancer. The patient’s satisfaction and perceived utility was also examined. Method The sample was composed of 19 patients (53 % men, aged from 29 to 85 years old; x = 60.9; standard deviation = 14.54). The intervention consisted of four 30-min sessions during 1 week in which patients navigated through virtual environments designed to induce joy or relaxation. Mood was assessed before and after each session using the Visual Analog Scale. Patient satisfaction was assessed after each session and at the end of the intervention. Qualitative data were also collected with open-ended questions. Results There were no major difficulties with the use of devices, and any difficulties that did arise were solved through practice. There were adequate levels of pleasantness and perceived utility of the proposed intervention. The main perceived benefits were distraction, entertainment, and promotion of relaxation states. Regarding mood changes, an increase in positive emotions and a decrease in negative emotions were also detected. Conclusions The intervention was positively assessed and rated as minimally uncomfortable. Future actions are discussed as well as the need to implement brief interventions that take into account the patients’ medical state and physical discomfort level, especially with those in the advanced stages of disease.

Examinar

Examinando Departament: Psicologia Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiologia por browse.metadata.language "eng"

Resultados por página

Opciones de ordenación