A critical review of the epidemiological evidence of effects of air pollution on dementia, cognitive function and cognitive decline in adult population
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Altres documents de l'autoria: Delgado-Saborit, Juana Maria; Guercio, Valentina; Gowers, Alison M.; Shaddick, Gavin; Fox, Nick C.; Love, Seth
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Títol
A critical review of the epidemiological evidence of effects of air pollution on dementia, cognitive function and cognitive decline in adult populationAutoria
Data de publicació
2021Editor
ElsevierISSN
0048-9697Cita bibliogràfica
DELGADO-SABORIT, Juana Maria, et al. A critical review of the epidemiological evidence of effects of air pollution on dementia, cognitive function and cognitive decline in adult population. Science of The Total Environment, 2020, p.143734Tipus de document
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersió de l'editorial
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896972037265XVersió
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionParaules clau / Matèries
Resum
Dementia is arguably the most pressing public health challenge of our age. Since dementia does not have a cure,identifying risk factors that can be controlled has become paramount to reduce the personal, societal and ... [+]
Dementia is arguably the most pressing public health challenge of our age. Since dementia does not have a cure,identifying risk factors that can be controlled has become paramount to reduce the personal, societal and eco-nomic burden of dementia. The relationship between exposure to air pollution and effects on cognitive function,cognitive decline and dementia has stimulated increasing scientific interest in the past few years. This review ofthe literature critically examines the available epidemiological evidence of associations between exposure to am-bient air pollutants, cognitive performance, acceleration of cognitive decline, risk of developing dementia, neuro-imaging and neurological biomarker studies, following Bradford Hill guidelines for causality.The evidence reviewed has been consistent in reporting associations between chronic exposure to air pollutionand reduced global cognition, as well as impairment in specific cognitive domains including visuo-spatial abili-ties. Cognitive decline and dementia incidence have also been consistently associated with exposure to air pollu-tion. The neuro-imaging studies reviewed report associations between exposure to air pollution and whitematter volume reduction. Other reported effects include reduction in gray matter, larger ventricular volume,and smaller corpus callosum. Findings relating to ischemic (white matter hyperintensities/silent cerebralinfarcts) and hemorrhagic (cerebral microbleeds) markers of cerebral small vessel disease have been heteroge-neous, as have observations on hippocampal volume and air pollution. The few studies available on neuro-inflammation tend to report associations with exposure to air pollution.
everal effect modifiers have been suggested in the literature, but more replication studies are required. Tradi-tional confounding factors have been controlled or adjusted for in most of the reviewed studies. Additional con-founding factors have also been considered, but the inclusion of these has varied among the different studies.Despite all the efforts to adjust for confounding factors, residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out, es-pecially since the factors affecting cognition and dementia are not yet fully understood.The available evidence meets many of the Bradford Hill guidelines for causality. The reported associations be-tween a range of air pollutants and effects oncognitive function in older people,including the acceleration of cog-nitive decline and the induction of dementia, are likely to be causal in nature.However, the diversity of study designs, air pollutants and endpoints examined precludes the attribution of theseadverse effects to a single class of pollutant and makes meta-analysis inappropriate. [-]
Publicat a
Science of The Total Environment, 2020, p. 143734Entitat finançadora
Generalitat Valenciana | H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Codi del projecte o subvenció
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/750531 | CIDEGENT/2019/064
Drets d'accés
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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