Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort
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Other documents of the author: Salamone, John; Correa, Merce; Farrar, Andrew M.; Nunes, Eric J.; Pardo Andrés, Marta
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Title
Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effortDate
2009Publisher
Frontiers Research FoundationISSN
1662-5153Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Abstract
There are numerous problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly
in the nucleus accumbens, directly mediate the rewarding or primary motivational characteristics
of natural stimuli such ... [+]
There are numerous problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly
in the nucleus accumbens, directly mediate the rewarding or primary motivational characteristics
of natural stimuli such as food. Research and theory related to the functions of mesolimbic DA
are undergoing a substantial conceptual restructuring, with the traditional emphasis on hedonia
and primary reward yielding to other concepts and lines of inquiry. The present review is focused
upon the involvement of nucleus accumbens DA in behavioral activation and effort-related
processes. Viewed from the framework of behavioral economics, the effects of accumbens DA
depletions and antagonism on food-reinforced behavior are highly dependent upon the work
requirements of the instrumental task, and DA depleted rats are more sensitive to increases
in response costs (i.e., ratio requirements). Moreover, interference with accumbens DA
transmission exerts a powerful infl uence over effort-related choice behavior. Rats with accumbens
DA depletions or antagonism reallocate their instrumental behavior away from food-reinforced
tasks that have high response requirements, and instead these rats select a less-effortful type
of food-seeking behavior. Nucleus accumbens DA and adenosine interact in the regulation of
effort-related functions, and other brain structures (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, ventral
pallidum) also are involved. Studies of the brain systems regulating effort-based processes may
have implications for understanding drug abuse, as well as energy-related disorders such as
psychomotor slowing, fatigue or anergia in depression and other neurological disorders. [-]
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Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 13 (2009)Rights
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