Is It Necessary to Adapt Training According to the Menstrual Cycle? Influence of Contraception and Physical Fitness Variables
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Otros documentos de la autoría: Recacha-Ponce, Paula; Collado-Boira, Eladio; Suárez-Alcázar, María Pilar; Montesinos-Ruiz, Macarena; Hernando, Carlos
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Is It Necessary to Adapt Training According to the Menstrual Cycle? Influence of Contraception and Physical Fitness VariablesAutoría
Fecha de publicación
2023Editor
MDPICita bibliográfica
Recacha-Ponce, P.; Collado-Boira, E.; Suarez-Alcazar, P.; Montesinos-Ruiz, M.; Hernando-Domingo, C. Is It Necessary to Adapt Training According to the Menstrual Cycle? Influence of Contraception and Physical Fitness Variables. Life 2023, 13, 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/ life13081764Tipo de documento
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersión de la editorial
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/8/1764Versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPalabras clave / Materias
Resumen
(1) Background: The influence of the menstrual cycle on physical fitness in athletes is
controversial in the scientific literature. There is a marked fluctuation of sex hormones at three
key points of the menstrual ... [+]
(1) Background: The influence of the menstrual cycle on physical fitness in athletes is
controversial in the scientific literature. There is a marked fluctuation of sex hormones at three
key points of the menstrual cycle, where estrogen and progesterone vary significantly. Hormonal
contraception induces hormonal levels different from the natural menstrual cycle, requiring specific
study in relation to physical fitness. (2) Method: Women aged 18 to 40 years with regular natural
menstrual cycles and women using hormonal contraception were recruited, creating two study groups.
All participants needed to be athletes classified as level II–III, based on training volume/physical
activity metrics, among other variables. To assess their physical fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness
(measured by
.
VO2max), high-speed strength, hand grip strength, and flexibility were evaluated.
Blood samples were taken to determine the menstrual cycle phase through analysis of sex hormone
levels. Additionally, urine tests for ovulation detection were performed for the natural menstrual
cycle group. Neurosensory stimulation tests were incorporated to measure sensory thresholds and
pain thresholds in each phase. Body composition in each phase and its relationship with the other
variables were also taken into account. (3) Results: Athletes in the natural cycling group showed
differences in
.
VO2max (mL·kg−1
·min−1
) (phase I = 41.75 vs. phase II = 43.85 and (p = 0.004) and
phase I vs. phase III = 43.25 mL·kg−1
·min−1
(p = 0.043)), as well as in body weight (phase I = 63.23
vs. phase III = 62.48 kg; p = 0.006), first pain threshold (phase I = 1.34 vs. phase II = 1.69 (p = 0.027)
and phase III = 1.59 mA (p = 0.011)), and sensitive threshold (phase I = 0.64 vs. phase II = 0.76 mA
(p = 0.017)). The pain threshold was found to be an important covariate in relation to
.
VO2max,
explaining 31.9% of the variance in phase I (p = 0.006). These findings were not observed between the
two phases of contraceptive cycling. (4) Conclusion: The natural menstrual cycle will cause significant
changes in the physical fitness of athletes. The use of hormonal contraception is not innocuous.
Women with natural cycles show an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness in phases II and III, which is
a factor to be considered in relation to training level and workload. [-]
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