Methods involved in the treatment of four representative pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater using sonochemical and biological processes
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Methods involved in the treatment of four representative pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater using sonochemical and biological processesAutoria
Data de publicació
2023Editor
ElsevierCita bibliogràfica
SERNA-GALVIS, Efraím A., et al. Methods involved in the treatment of four representative pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater using sonochemical and biological processes. MethodsX, 2023, vol. 10, p. 102128.Tipus de document
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersió de l'editorial
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215016123001292Versió
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionParaules clau / Matèries
Resum
A primary pollution source by pharmaceuticals is hospital wastewater (HWW). Herein, the methods involved in the action of a biological system (BS, aerobic activated sludge) or a sonochemical
treatment (US, 375 kHz ... [+]
A primary pollution source by pharmaceuticals is hospital wastewater (HWW). Herein, the methods involved in the action of a biological system (BS, aerobic activated sludge) or a sonochemical
treatment (US, 375 kHz and 30.8 W), for degrading four relevant pharmaceuticals (azithromycin,
ciprofloxacin, paracetamol, and valsartan) in HWW, are shown. Before treatment of HWW, the
correct performance of BS was assessed using glucose as a reference substance, monitoring oxygen consumption, and organic carbon removal. Meanwhile, for US, a preliminary test using
ciprofloxacin in distilled water was carried out. The determination of risk quotients (RQ) and
theoretical analyses about reactive moieties on these target substances are also presented. For
both, the degradation of the pharmaceuticals and the calculation of RQ, analyses were performed
by LC-MS/MS. The BS action decreased the concentration of paracetamol and valsartan by ∼96
and 86%, respectively. However, a poor action on azithromycin (2% removal) was found, whereas
ciprofloxacin concentration increased ∼20%; leading to an RQ value of 1.61 (high risk) for the
pharmaceuticals mixture. The analyses using a biodegradation pathway predictor (EAWAG-BDD
methodology) revealed that the amide group on paracetamol and alkyl moieties on valsartan
could experience aerobic biotransformations. In turn, US action decreased the concentration of
the four pharmaceuticals (removals > 60% for azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and paracetamol),
diminishing the environmental risk (RQ: 0.51 for the target pharmaceuticals mixture). Atomic
charge analyses (based on the electronegativity equalization method) were performed, showing
that the amino-sugar on azithromycin; piperazyl ring, and double bond close to the two carbonyls
on ciprofloxacin, acetamide group on paracetamol, and the alkyl moieties bonded to the amide
group of valsartan are the most susceptible moieties to attacks by sonogenerated radicals. The
LC-MS/MS analytical methodology, RQ calculations, and theoretical analyses allowed for determining the degrading performance of BS and US toward the target pollutants in HWW. [-]
Publicat a
MethodsX, Volume 10, 2023, 102128Entitat finançadora
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Generalitat Valenciana | ROYAL SOCIETY-UK | Universidad de Antioquia | MINCIENCIAS COLOMBIA
Codi del projecte o subvenció
PID2021-127451OB-I00 | Prometeo 2019-040 | ICA\R1\191053 | project No. 1115-852-69594 (PRO-CEC-AGUA)
Drets d'accés
2215-0161/© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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