How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID-19 Quarantine in Spain
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Title
How Much Support Is There for the Recommendations Made to the General Population during Confinement? A Study during the First Three Days of the COVID-19 Quarantine in SpainDate
2020-06-18Publisher
MDPIISSN
1660-4601Bibliographic citation
SUSO-RIBERA, Carlos; MARTÍN-BRUFAU, Ramón. How much support is there for the recommendations made to the general population during confinement? A study during the first three days of the covid–19 quarantine in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17, no 12, p. 4382.Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articlePublisher version
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7345636/Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionSubject
Abstract
Background: Recommendations on lifestyles during quarantine have been proposed by
researchers and institutions since the COVID–19 crisis emerged. However, most of these have never
been tested under real quarantine ... [+]
Background: Recommendations on lifestyles during quarantine have been proposed by
researchers and institutions since the COVID–19 crisis emerged. However, most of these have never
been tested under real quarantine situations or derive from older investigations conducted mostly in
China and Canada in the face of infections other than COVID–19. The present study aimed at exploring
the relationship between a comprehensive set of recommended lifestyles, socio–demographic,
and personality variables and mood during the first stages of quarantine. Methods: A virtual
snow–ball recollection technique was used to disseminate the survey across the general population
in Spain starting the first day of mandatory quarantine (15 March 2020) until three days later (17
March). In total, 2683 Spanish adults (mean age = 34.86 years, SD = 13.74 years; 77.7% women)
from the general population completed measures on socio–demographic, COVID–related, behavioral,
personality/cognitive, and mood characteristics. Results: In the present study, depression and
anger were higher than levels reported in a previous investigation before the COVID–19 crisis,
while vigor, friendliness, and fatigue were lower. Anxiety levels were comparable. The expected
direction of associations was confirmed for the majority of predictors. However, effect sizes were
generally small and only a subset of them correlated to most outcomes. Intolerance of unpleasant
emotions, neuroticism, and, to a lesser extent, agreeableness, sleep quality, young age, and time
spent Internet surfing were the most robust and strongest correlates of mood states. Conclusions:
Some recommended lifestyles (i.e., maintaining good quality of sleep and reducing Internet surfing)
might be more important than others during the first days of quarantine. Promoting tolerance
to unpleasant emotions (e.g., through online, self–managed programs) might also be of upmost
importance. So far, recommendations have been made in general, but certain subgroups (e.g.,
certain personality profiles and young adults) might be especially vulnerable and should receive
more attention. [-]
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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4382Rights
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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