Enantiomeric profiling of chiral illicit drugs in a pan-European study
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Other documents of the author: Castrignanò, Erika; Yang, Zhugen; Bade, Richard; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Castiglioni, Sara; Causanilles, Ana; Covaci, Adrian; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Hernandez, Felix; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Ryu, Yeonsuk; Thomas, Kevin V.; de Voogt, Pim; Zuccato, Ettore; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara
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Show full item recordcomunitat-uji-handle:10234/9
comunitat-uji-handle2:10234/7013
comunitat-uji-handle3:10234/8638
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.051 |
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Title
Enantiomeric profiling of chiral illicit drugs in a pan-European studyAuthor (s)
Date
2018Publisher
ElsevierISSN
0043-1354; 1879-2448Bibliographic citation
CASTRIGNANÒ, Erika, et al. Enantiomeric profiling of chiral illicit drugs in a pan-European study. Water research, 2018, vol.130, p. 151-160Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articlePublisher version
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004313541730979XVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAbstract
The aim of this paper is to present the first study on spatial and temporal variation in the enantiomeric profile of chiral drugs in eight European cities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and enantioselective ... [+]
The aim of this paper is to present the first study on spatial and temporal variation in the enantiomeric profile of chiral drugs in eight European cities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and enantioselective analysis were combined to evaluate trends in illicit drug use in the context of their consumption vs direct disposal as well as their synthetic production routes. Spatial variations in amphetamine loads were observed with higher use in Northern European cities. Enantioselective analysis showed a general enrichment of amphetamine with the R-(−)-enantiomer in wastewater indicating its abuse. High loads of racemic methamphetamine were detected in Oslo (EF = 0.49 ± 0.02). This is in contrast to other European cities where S-(+)-methamphetamine was the predominant enantiomer. This indicates different methods of methamphetamine synthesis and/or trafficking routes in Oslo, compared with the other cities tested. An enrichment of MDMA with the R-(−)-enantiomer was observed in European wastewaters indicating MDMA consumption rather than disposal of unused drug. MDA's chiral signature indicated its enrichment with the S-(+)-enantiomer, which confirms its origin from MDMA metabolism in humans. HMMA was also detected at quantifiable concentrations in wastewater and was found to be a suitable biomarker for MDMA consumption. Mephedrone was only detected in wastewater from the United Kingdom with population-normalised loads up to 47.7 mg 1000 people−1 day−1. The enrichment of mephedrone in the R-(+)-enantiomer in wastewater suggests stereoselective metabolism in humans, hence consumption, rather than direct disposal of the drug. The investigation of drug precursors, such as ephedrine, showed that their presence was reasonably ascribed to their medical use. [-]
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Water research, 2018, vol.130, p. 151-160Rights
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