Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess pan-European pesticide exposure
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.044 |
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Title
Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess pan-European pesticide exposureAuthor (s)
Date
2017Publisher
ElsevierISSN
0043-1354; 1879-2448Bibliographic citation
ROUSIS, Nikolaos I., et al. Wastewater-based epidemiology to assess pan-European pesticide exposure. Water Research, 2017.Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersion
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionSubject
Abstract
Human biomonitoring, i.e. the determination of chemicals and/or their metabolites in human specimens, is the most common and potent tool for assessing human exposure to pesticides, but it suffers from limitations such ... [+]
Human biomonitoring, i.e. the determination of chemicals and/or their metabolites in human specimens, is the most common and potent tool for assessing human exposure to pesticides, but it suffers from limitations such as high costs and biases in sampling. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an innovative approach based on the chemical analysis of specific human metabolic excretion products (biomarkers) in wastewater, and provides objective and real-time information on xenobiotics directly or indirectly ingested by a population. This study applied the WBE approach for the first time to evaluate human exposure to pesticides in eight cities across Europe. 24 h-composite wastewater samples were collected from the main wastewater treatment plants and analyzed for urinary metabolites of three classes of pesticides, namely triazines, organophosphates and pyrethroids, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The mass loads (mg/day/1000 inhabitants) were highest for organophosphates and lowest for triazines. Different patterns were observed among the cities and for the various classes of pesticides. Population weighted loads of specific biomarkers indicated higher exposure in Castellon, Milan, Copenhagen and Bristol for pyrethroids, and in Castellon, Bristol and Zurich for organophosphates. The lowest mass loads (mg/day/1000 inhabitants) were found in Utrecht and Oslo. These results were in agreement with several national statistics related to pesticides exposure such as pesticides sales. The daily intake of pyrethroids was estimated in each city and it was found to exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) only in one city (Castellon, Spain). This was the first large-scale application of WBE to monitor population exposure to pesticides. The results indicated that WBE can give new information about the “average exposure” of the population to pesticides, and is a useful complementary biomonitoring tool to study population-wide exposure to pesticides. [-]
Is part of
Water Research, 2017, vol. 121Investigation project
Nikolaos I. Rousis, Richard Bade, Jose Antonio Baz-Lomba, Erika Castrignanò, Ana Causanilles, Juliet Kinyua, Ann-Kathrin McCall, Pedram Ramin, Yeonsuk Ryu acknowledge the contribution of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. [Marie Curie-FP7-PEOPLE Grant #317205 - SEWPROF] for their Early Stage Researcher (ESR) contracts and Emma Gracia-Lor and Zhugen Yang for their Experienced Researcher (ER) contract. Emma Gracia-Lor is also grateful for financial support from Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport (APOSTD/2015, Programa VALi+d) for her post-doctoral contract.Rights
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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