Relationship between Meditative Practice and SelfReported Mindfulness: The MINDSENS Composite Index
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Title
Relationship between Meditative Practice and SelfReported Mindfulness: The MINDSENS Composite IndexAuthor (s)
Date
2014Publisher
Public Library of ScienceISSN
1932-6203Bibliographic citation
Soler J, Cebolla A, Feliu-Soler A, Demarzo MMP, Pascual JC, Baños R, et al. (2014) Relationship between Meditative Practice and Self-Reported Mindfulness: The MINDSENS Composite Index. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86622. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086622Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articlePublisher version
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.p ...Version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionAbstract
Mindfulness has been described as an inherent human capability that can be learned and trained, and its improvement has
been associated with better health outcomes in both medicine and psychology. Although the role ... [+]
Mindfulness has been described as an inherent human capability that can be learned and trained, and its improvement has
been associated with better health outcomes in both medicine and psychology. Although the role of practice is central to
most mindfulness programs, practice-related improvements in mindfulness skills is not consistently reported and little is
known about how the characteristics of meditative practice affect different components of mindfulness. The present study
explores the role of practice parameters on self-reported mindfulness skills. A total of 670 voluntary participants with and
without previous meditation experience (n = 384 and n = 286, respectively) responded to an internet-based survey on
various aspects of their meditative practice (type of meditation, length of session, frequency, and lifetime practice).
Participants also completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ). The
group with meditation experience obtained significantly higher scores on all facets of FFMQ and EQ questionnaires
compared to the group without experience. However different effect sizes were observed, with stronger effects for the
Observing and Non-Reactivity facets of the FFMQ, moderate effects for Decentering in EQ, and a weak effect for Non-judging,
Describing, and Acting with awareness on the FFMQ. Our results indicate that not all practice variables are equally relevant in
terms of developing mindfulness skills. Frequency and lifetime practice – but not session length or meditation type – were
associated with higher mindfulness skills. Given that these 6 mindfulness aspects show variable sensitivity to practice, we
created a composite index (MINDSENS) consisting of those items from FFMQ and EQ that showed the strongest response to
practice. The MINDSENS index was able to correctly discriminate daily meditators from non-meditators in 82.3% of cases.
These findings may contribute to the understanding of the development of mindfulness skills and support trainers and
researchers in improving mindfulness-oriented practices and programs. [-]
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PLoS ONE, January 2014, Volume 9, Issue 1, e86622Rights
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2014 Soler et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.