Economic Development and Pesticide Use in EU Agriculture: A Nonlinear Panel Data Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
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Título
Economic Development and Pesticide Use in EU Agriculture: A Nonlinear Panel Data Autoregressive Distributed Lag ApproachAutoría
Fecha de publicación
2023-09Editor
MDPIISSN
2077-0472Cita bibliográfica
Zafeiriou, E.; Karelakis, C.; Martínez-Zarzoso, I.; Galanopoulos, K.; Gkika, D. Economic Development and Pesticide Use in EU Agriculture: A Nonlinear Panel Data Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach. Agriculture 2023, 13, 1693. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091693Tipo de documento
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersión de la editorial
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/9/1693Versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPalabras clave / Materias
Resumen
Within the regime established by the Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticides (SUDP); the present work explores the relationship between pesticides’ agricultural use per hectare of cropland and the GDP per capita ... [+]
Within the regime established by the Directive on Sustainable Use of Pesticides (SUDP); the present work explores the relationship between pesticides’ agricultural use per hectare of cropland and the GDP per capita of the rural population for twenty-five EU countries to unveil the efficiency of the current EU strategy. With the econometric tool of panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) cointegration technique; we try to capture potential asymmetries in the agricultural use of pesticides concerning positive and negative variations in agricultural income. The findings validate the existence of a long-run relationship that supports an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC); i.e., an inverted U-shaped relationship between the variables; since increasing agricultural income is related to reductions in the use of pesticides after the turning point. Even though this result is not validated in the short run; our findings confirm the existence of a steady-state situation with asymmetric responses to pesticides. In terms of policy implications; more measures need to be taken; along with the education of farmers; aiming to enhance their consciousness towards environmental issues and; in consequence; for them to prefer environmentally friendly plant protection methods over chemical ones. [-]
Publicado en
Agriculture, 2023, vol. 13, no 9Entidad financiadora
European Union
Código del proyecto o subvención
PRIMA2018-04
Derechos de acceso
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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- ECO_Articles [694]