Spatial and temporal assessment of crack cocaine use in 13 European cities through wastewater-based epidemiology
Impacto
Scholar |
Otros documentos de la autoría: Steenbeek, Ruud; Emke, Erik; Vughs, Dennis; Matias, Joao Luis; Boogaerts, Tim; Castiglioni, Sara; Campos-Mañas, Marina Celia; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; ter Laak, Thomas; Hernandez, Felix; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Meijer, Wim; Dias, Mario J.; Simoes, Susana; van Nuijs, Alexander; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Been, Frederic
Metadatos
Mostrar el registro completo del ítemcomunitat-uji-handle:10234/9
comunitat-uji-handle2:10234/7013
comunitat-uji-handle3:10234/8638
comunitat-uji-handle4:
INVESTIGACIONMetadatos
Título
Spatial and temporal assessment of crack cocaine use in 13 European cities through wastewater-based epidemiologyAutoría
Fecha de publicación
2022-07-25Editor
ElsevierISSN
0048-9697; 1879-1026Cita bibliográfica
STEENBEEK, Ruud, et al. Spatial and temporal assessment of crack cocaine use in 13 European cities through wastewater-based epidemiology. Science of The Total Environment, 2022, vol. 847, p. 157222Tipo de documento
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersión de la editorial
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969722043200Versión
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionPalabras clave / Materias
Resumen
Already in early 2000s, concerns have been growing in the EU about increasing use of cocaine
and it is estimated that below 1% of the population administer the drug by smoking crack cocaine.
New available data ... [+]
Already in early 2000s, concerns have been growing in the EU about increasing use of cocaine
and it is estimated that below 1% of the population administer the drug by smoking crack cocaine.
New available data suggests an increase in the use of crack cocaine and an increase in the number
of crack cocaine users entering treatment has been reported in several European countries. Robust
estimations of crack cocaine use are however not available yet. The use of crack cocaine has long
been associated with severe adverse socio-economic conditions as well as mental health problems,
such as suicide ideation and depression. The aim of this study was to assess spatial trends in
population-normalized mass loads of crack cocaine biomarkers (i.e., anhydroecgonine and
anhydroecgonine methyl ester) in 13 European cities in six countries (the Netherlands, Belgium,
Ireland, Portugal, Spain and Italy). Furthermore, temporal trends over a five-year period were
evaluated through the analysis of historic samples collected in the Netherlands. Finally, the
stability of the crack cocaine biomarkers in wastewater was investigated through batch
experiments. The samples were analyzed with a new developed and validated hydrophilic
interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry method. Targeted crack cocaine
biomarkers were found in all cities. Also, crack cocaine biomarker was detected in wastewater
from 2017 to 2021 in the Netherlands, but no significance between the years were found. With
respect to biomarker in-sample stability, AEME was found to be stable in wastewater. This study
assessed crack cocaine use for the first time on a broad scale, both temporal and in cities across
Europe, with wastewater-based epidemiology and it shows the importance of wastewater analysis
to monitor community loads of crack cocaine use. [-]
Publicado en
Science of The Total Environment, 2022, vol. 847, p. 157222Entidad financiadora
European Commission
Código del proyecto o subvención
861602
Derechos de acceso
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
Aparece en las colecciones
- QFA_Articles [819]