Advances in endophytic fungi research: a data analysis of 25 years of achievements and challenges

Abstract

Research on fungal endophytes has demonstrated the ability to improve crop performance and protect host plants against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, despite the exponential growth of this topic, a whole outline to reflect the relevance and extent of each study type is missing. Hence, we performed an analysis of all available literature to expose the characteristics and limitations of this research field. Our results suggested that, overall, there is still a tendency to study the most known models in plant-fungal-stress combinations (ascomycetous fungi, grasses, abiotic stress). Fungal endophytes in dicot plants or against biotic stress, though promising, are still quite unexplored. All these data could lead future studies to assess less considered study factors that might help discern the beneficial effects of fungal endophytes with more extent and accuracy.