Risk of child poverty and social exclusion in two Spanish regions: social and family determinants

Abstract

Objetivo: Describir el riesgo de pobreza y exclusión social en ni˜nos/as de 8-11 a˜nos de Gipuzkoa y Valencia(Españaa), mediante los indicadores AROPE (At Risk Of Poverty or Social Exclusion), y evaluar sus factores asociados en el Proyecto INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente).Método: Familias de Gipuzkoa y Valencia (394 y 382, respectivamente) completaron un cuestionario en2015-2016. Se estimaron la baja intensidad de trabajo (BIT), el riesgo de pobreza (RP) y la privación mate-rial (PM). AROPE consistió en cumplir cualquiera de estos subindicadores. Se consideraron características sociodemográficas, familiares y parentales. Se usaron diagramas de Venn, los test de Ji-cuadrado y Fisher en los análisis bivariados, y regresión logística en los análisis multivariados. Resultados: Se obtuvieron prevalencias para BIT, RP, PM y AROPE del 2,5%, 5,6%, 2,3% y 7,2% en Gipuzkoa, ydel 8,1%, 31,5%, 7,8% y 34,7% en Valencia, respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado, el AROPE se asoció en ambas áreas con la clase social materna y la familia no nuclear. En Gipuzkoa, también se relacionó con la educación materna. En Valencia, otros factores fueron el origen extranjero materno y la educación y el tabaquismo paternos.

Objective: Describe the risk of poverty and social exclusion in children aged 8-11 years from Gipuzkoa and Valencia (Spain), through AROPE (At Risk Of Poverty or Social Exclusion) indicators, and evaluate their associated factors in the INMA Project (Childhood and Environment).Method: Families in Gipuzkoa and Valencia (394 and 382, respectively) completed a questionnaire in2015-2016. Low work intensity (LWI), at risk of poverty (RP) and material deprivation (MD) were esti-mated. AROPE consisted in meeting any of the previous sub-indicators. Socio-demographic, family and parental characteristics were considered. Frequencies, Venn’s diagrams, and chi-square and Fisher tests were used in bivariate analysis and logistic regression in multivariate analysis.Results: For LWI, RP, MD and AROPE, prevalence of 2.5%, 5.6%, 2.3% and 7.2% were obtained in Gipuzkoa,and 8.1%, 31.5%, 7.8% and 34.7% in Valencia, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the AROPE was associated in both areas with maternal social class and non-nuclear families. In Gipuzkoa, it was also related to maternal education. In Valencia, other factors were the mother’s foreign origin, and paternal education and smoking.Conclusion: There is higher AROPE prevalence in Valencia. Social class and family type were shared factors,but a differential pattern is observed in other social determinants. It is essential to implement social policies to reduce this axis of inequalities in health, especially in childhood.