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dc.contributor.authorBijlsma, Lubertus
dc.contributor.authorCelma, Alberto
dc.contributor.authorCastiglioni, Sara
dc.contributor.authorSalgueiro-González, Noelia
dc.contributor.authorBou Iserte, Lledó
dc.contributor.authorBaz Lomba, Jose Antonio
dc.contributor.authorReid, Malcolm
dc.contributor.authorDias, M.J.
dc.contributor.authorLopes, Alvaro
dc.contributor.authorMatias, Joao Luis
dc.contributor.authorPastor Alcañiz, Laura
dc.contributor.authorRadonic, J.
dc.contributor.authorTurk Sekulic, M.
dc.contributor.authorShine, Trevor
dc.contributor.authorvan Nuijs, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorHernandez, Felix
dc.contributor.authorZuccato, Ettore
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-21T09:37:08Z
dc.date.available2020-07-21T09:37:08Z
dc.date.issued2020-07-10
dc.identifier.citationBIJLSMA, L., et al. Monitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 2020, p. 138376.ca_CA
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.issn1879-1026
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10234/189234
dc.description.abstractThe consumption of psychoactive substances is considered a growing problem in many communities. Moreover, new psychoactive substances (NPS) designed as (legal) substitutes to traditional illicit drugs are relatively easily available to the public through e-commerce and retail shops, but there is little knowledge regarding the extent and actual use of these substances. This study aims to gain new and complementary information on NPS and traditional illicit drug use at six music festivals across Europe by investigating wastewater and pooled urine. Samples were collected, between 2015 and 2018, at six music festivals across Europe with approximately 465.000 attendees. Wastewater samples were also collected during a period not coinciding with festivals. A wide-scope screening for 197 NPS, six illicit drugs and known metabolites was applied using different chromatography-mass spectrometric strategies. Several illicit drugs and in total 21 different NPS, mainly synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines and tryptamines, were identified in the samples. Ketamine and the traditional illicit drugs, such as amphetamine-type stimulants, cannabis and cocaine were most abundant and/or frequently detected in the samples collected, suggesting a higher use compared to NPS. The analyses of urine and wastewater is quick and a high number of attendees may be monitored anonymously by analysing only a few samples which allows identifying the local profiles of use of different drugs within a wide panel of psychoactive substances. This approach contributes to the development of an efficient surveillance system which can provide timely insight in the trends of NPS and illicit drugs use.ca_CA
dc.format.extent34 p.ca_CA
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfca_CA
dc.language.isoengca_CA
dc.publisherElsevierca_CA
dc.relation.isPartOfScience of The Total Environment, 2020, p. 138376ca_CA
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/*
dc.subjectillicit drugsca_CA
dc.subjectnew psychoactive substancesca_CA
dc.subjectwastewater-based epidemiologyca_CA
dc.subjectpooled urineca_CA
dc.subjectwastewaterca_CA
dc.subjectmusic festivalsca_CA
dc.titleMonitoring psychoactive substance use at six European festivals through wastewater and pooled urine analysisca_CA
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleca_CA
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138376
dc.relation.projectIDThe authors acknowledge NPS-Euronet (HOME/2014/JDRUG/AG/ DRUG/7086), funded with support from the European Commission. lberto Celma acknowledges the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for his pre- doctoral grant (BES-2016-076914) and the COST Action ES1307 “ SCORE – Sewage biomarker analysis fo r community health assess- ment ” for funding a Short Term Scienti fi cMission(ECOST-STSM- ES1307-170816-080579). F. Hern ández acknowledges MINECO (Project CTQ2015-65603-P). L. Bou-Iserte acknowledges the Univer- sity Jaume I for her grant (PREDOC/2017/25) and the Spanish Minis- try of Science, Innovation and Universities for her grant (FPU17/ 06209). Dr. Alexander van Nuijs acknowledges a postdoctoral schol- arship from the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO) (Grant num- ber 1285216N). N. Salgueiro acknowledges Xunta de Galicia and Axencia Galega de Innonavión (GAIN) for her postdoctoral fellow- ship (Modalidade A, 2016). Jelena Radoni ć and Maja Turk Sekuli ć acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Project III46007).ca_CA
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessca_CA
dc.relation.publisherVersionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720318891ca_CA
dc.date.embargoEndDate2022-07-10
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionca_CA


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