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Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to abovegr ound herbivores
dc.contributor.author | Khaitov, Botir | |
dc.contributor.author | Patiño Ruiz, José David | |
dc.contributor.author | Pina, Tatiana | |
dc.contributor.author | Schausberger, Peter | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-05-26T17:36:36Z | |
dc.date.available | 2016-05-26T17:36:36Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 2045-7758 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10234/160009 | |
dc.description.abstract | Aboveground plant performance is strongly influenced by belowground microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic and have negative effects, while others, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, usually have positive effects. Recent research revealed that belowground interactions between plants and functionally distinct groups of microorganisms cascade up to aboveground plant associates such as herbivores and their natural enemies. However, while functionally distinct belowground microorganisms commonly co-occur in the rhizosphere, their combined effects, and relative contributions, respectively, on performance of aboveground plant-associated organisms are virtually unexplored. Here, we scrutinized and disentangled the effects of free-living nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic) bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum (DB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (AMF) on host plant choice and reproduction of the herbivorous two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on common bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris. Additionally, we assessed plant growth, and AMF and DB occurrence and density as affected by each other. Both AMF alone and DB alone increased spider mite reproduction to similar levels, as compared to the control, and exerted additive effects under co-occurrence. These effects were similarly apparent in host plant choice, that is, the mites preferred leaves from plants with both AMF and DB to plants with AMF or DB to plants grown without AMF and DB. DB, which also act as AMF helper bacteria, enhanced root colonization by AMF, whereas AMF did not affect DB abundance. AMF but not DB increased growth of reproductive plant tissue and seed production, respectively. Both AMF and DB increased the biomass of vegetative aboveground plant tissue. Our study breaks new ground in multitrophic belowground–aboveground research by providing first insights into the fitness implications of plant-mediated interactions between interrelated belowground fungi–bacteria and aboveground herbivores. | ca_CA |
dc.description.sponsorShip | BK's stay and work in Vienna was financially supported by an Erasmus Mundus CASIA grant awarded to BK and a grant from Eurasia Pacific Uninet (EPU 26/2013) awarded to PS. TP's stay and work in Vienna was supported by Universitat Jaume I (UJI Research Mobility Grant, E-2013-05). We thank C. Gangl (Agrotrader Agrarhandel, Austria) for providing Azotobacter sp. and I.C. Christiansen, A. Walzer, and M. Seiter for comments on a previous version of the manuscript. | ca_CA |
dc.format.extent | 13 p. | ca_CA |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | ca_CA |
dc.language.iso | eng | ca_CA |
dc.publisher | Wiley Open Access | ca_CA |
dc.relation.isPartOf | Ecology and Evolution, 2015, vol. 5, núm. 17 | ca_CA |
dc.rights | © 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the C reative Commons Attribution License, which permi ts use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | ca_CA |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 Spain | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject | Aboveground–belowground interactions | ca_CA |
dc.subject | Arbuscular mycorrhiza | ca_CA |
dc.subject | Fitness | ca_CA |
dc.subject | Multitrophic interactions | ca_CA |
dc.subject | Nitrogen fixation | ca_CA |
dc.subject | Spider mites | ca_CA |
dc.title | Interrelated effects of mycorrhiza and free-living nitrogen fixers cascade up to abovegr ound herbivores | ca_CA |
dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | ca_CA |
dc.identifier.doi | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1654 | |
dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | ca_CA |
dc.relation.publisherVersion | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1654/full | ca_CA |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as © 2015 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the C reative Commons Attribution License, which permi ts use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.