Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis
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Other documents of the author: Ort, Christoph; van Nuijs, Alexander; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Griffiths, Paul; Hernandez, Felix; González-Mariño, Iria; Grabic, Roman; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Mastroianni, Nicola; Meierjohann, Axel; Nefau, Thomas; Östman, Marcus; Picó Gracia, Yolanda; Racamonde, Inés; Reid, Malcolm; Slobodnik, Jaroslav; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin V.
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comunitat-uji-handle2:10234/33596
comunitat-uji-handle3:10234/33597
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Title
Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysisAuthor (s)
Date
2014-08Publisher
WileyBibliographic citation
ORT, Christoph...[et al.]. Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis. Addiction, Volume 109, Issue 8 (August 2014), pp. 1338-1352Type
info:eu-repo/semantics/articlePublisher version
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.12570/fullSubject
Abstract
Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large
European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. ... [+]
Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large
European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting and
Participants Catchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs
in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total popula-
tion 24.74 million). Measurements Excretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, metham-
phetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled
to mass spectrometry. Findings Spatial differences were assessed and confirmed to vary greatly across European
metropolitan areas. In general, results were in agreement with traditional surveillance data, where available. While
temporal changes were substantial in individual cities and years (P ranging from insignificant to <10
−3
), overall means
were relatively stable. The overall mean of methamphetamine was an exception (apparent decline in 2012), as it was
influenced mainly by four cities. Conclusions Wastewater analysis performed across Europe provides complementary
evidence on illicit drug consumption and generally concurs with traditional surveillance data. Wastewater analysis can
measure total illicit drug use more quickly and regularly than is the current norm for national surveys, and creates
estimates where such data does not exist. [-]
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Addiction, Volume 109, Issue 8 (August 2014)Rights
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