Environmental agreements as a Hawk-Dove game with confirmed proposals

Abstract

This paper aims at two different contributions to the literature on international environmental agreements. First, we model environmental agreement making as a generic situation, characterized as a Hawk-Dove game with multiple asymmetric equilibria. Second, we propose our theory on non-cooperative games with confirmed proposals, based on an alternating proposals bargaining protocol, as a way of overcoming the usual problems of coordination and bargaining failures in environmental agreement games, due to payoff asymmetry and equilibrium multiplicity.