Spatial and temporal variations in airborne particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) across Spain 1999–2005
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Altres documents de l'autoria: Querol, Xavier; Alastuey, Andres; Moreno, T.; Viana, Marcelo; Castillo, S.; Pey, J.; Rodríguez, S.; Artiñano, B.; Salvador, P.; Sánchez, M. M.; García Dos Santos, S.; Herce Garraleta, M. D.; Fernández Patier, R.; Moreno Grau, S.; Negral, L.; Minguillón Bengochea, María Cruz; Monfort, Eliseo; Sanz, M. J.; Palomo Martín, R.; Pinilla Gil, E.; Cuevas, E.; De la Rosa, J.; Sánchez de la Campa, Ana María
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Mostra el registre complet de l'elementcomunitat-uji-handle:10234/9
comunitat-uji-handle2:10234/7033
comunitat-uji-handle3:10234/8618
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.071 |
Metadades
Títol
Spatial and temporal variations in airborne particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) across Spain 1999–2005Autoria
Data de publicació
2008-06ISSN
1352-2310Cita bibliogràfica
Atmospheric Environment (2008), 42, 17, p. 3964-3979Tipus de document
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleResum
Average ranges of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations and chemical composition in Spain show significant variations across the country, with current PM10 levels at several industrial and traffic hotspots ... [+]
Average ranges of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations and chemical composition in Spain show significant variations across the country, with current PM10 levels at several industrial and traffic hotspots exceeding recommended pollution limits. Such variations and exceedances are linked to patterns of anthropogenic and natural PM emissions, climate, and reactivity/stability of particulate species. PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations reach 14–22 μg PM10 m−3 and 8–12 μg PM2.5 m−3 at most rural/regional background sites, 25–30 μg PM10 m−3 and 15–20μg PM2.5 m−3 at suburban sites, 30–46 μg PM10 m−3 and 20–30 μg PM2.5 m−3 at urban background and industrial sites, and 46–50 μg PM10 m−3 and 30–35 μg PM2.5 m−3 at heavy traffic hotpots. Spatial distributions show sulphate and carbon particle levels reach maxima in industrialised areas and large cities (where traffic emissions are higher), and nitrate levels increase from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean (independent of the regional NOx emissions). African dust outbreaks have an influence on the number of exceedances of the daily limit value, but its additional load on the mean annual PM10 levels is only highly significant in Southern Iberia and Canary and Balearic islands. The marine aerosol contribution is near one order of magnitude higher in the Canaries compared to the other regions. Important temporal influences include PM intrusion events from Africa (more abundant in February–March and spring–summer), regional-scale pollution episodes, and weekday versus weekend activity. Higher summer insolation enhances (NH4)2SO4 but depletes particulate NO3− (as a consequence of the thermal instability of ammonium nitrate in summer) and Cl− (due to HCl volatilisation resulting from the interaction of gaseous HNO3 with the marine NaCl), as well as generally increasing dry dust resuspension under a semi-arid climate. Average trace metal concentrations rise with the highest levels at industrial and traffic hotspots sites, in some cases (Ti, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, W, and Pb) exceeding rural background levels by over an order of magnitude. [-]
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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