Assessment of facial harmony among Caucasian Spaniards 18 to 60 years of age and its relationship with the golden ratio
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Altres documents de l'autoria: Ballester Ferrandis, José Francisco; Martínez Soriano, Francisco; Ribera Vega, María Isabel; Font, Juan J.
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Mostra el registre complet de l'elementcomunitat-uji-handle:10234/9
comunitat-uji-handle2:10234/7037
comunitat-uji-handle3:10234/8635
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INVESTIGACIONMetadades
Títol
Assessment of facial harmony among Caucasian Spaniards 18 to 60 years of age and its relationship with the golden ratioAutoria
Data de publicació
2018-04Editor
SpringerCita bibliogràfica
BALLESTER FERRANDIS, José Francisco; MARTÍNEZ SORIANO, Francisco; RIBERA VEGA, María Isabel; FONT FERRANDIS, Juan José. (2018).Assessment of facial harmony among Caucasian Spaniards 18 to 60 years of age and its relationship with the golden ratio. European Journal of Plastic Surgery, v. 41, Issue 2, p. 189–206Tipus de document
info:eu-repo/semantics/articleVersió de l'editorial
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00238-017-1348-1Versió
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionParaules clau / Matèries
Resum
Background
Throughout history, the perception and defini-
tion of beauty and attractiveness have changed and have been
influenced by cultural norms. This article analyzes the concept
of
B
facial normality
^
... [+]
Background
Throughout history, the perception and defini-
tion of beauty and attractiveness have changed and have been
influenced by cultural norms. This article analyzes the concept
of
B
facial normality
^
(faces that are considered normal by
90% of respondents and, therefore, do not require esthetic
surgery) among Spaniards of Caucasian ancestry. We also
sought to determine the relationship between faces that are
considered
B
normal
^
and the golden ratio.
Methods
We surveyed 54 respondents (equal numbers of women
and men) between the ages of 18 and 60. The surveys followed
the visual analog scale (VAS) protocol, and 13,514 responses
were obtained. The respondents were asked to evaluate up to nine
photographed faces according to their degree of attractiveness.
Results
According to the data obtained,
B
facial normality
^
or
facial beauty can be defined by the following characteristics:
(a) the sizes of the three facial segments (equal in proportion),
(b) the width of the nose (narrow in women and average in
men), and (c) the profile (straight or slightly retracted in women and straight or slightly prominent in men). In addition, five specific facial proportions were directly related to the golden
ratio. Thus, the concept of
B
normal
^
can be applied to 90% of
faces whose proportions fall within distinct ranges that en-
compass the value of the golden ratio.
Conclusions
We conclude that a standard perception of
B
facial normality
^
and facial beauty does exist. We also ob-
served a general correlation between specific facial propor-
tions and the golden ratio.
Level of Evidence: Not ratable. [-]
Publicat a
European Journal of Plastic Surgery (2018), v. 41, Issue 2Drets d'accés
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
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