Catalytic molecular gels for click-aldol reactions
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Title
Catalytic molecular gels for click-aldol reactionsAuthor (s)
Tutor/Supervisor
Escuder Gil, BeatriuTutor/Supervisor; University.Department
Universitat Jaume I. Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaDate
2014Publisher
Universitat Jaume IAbstract
Thus, a gel can be defined as a two-component colloidal dispersion which has a
continuous structure with macroscopic dimensions. Gels are composed mainly
with a small amount of solid agent (minor component) named ... [+]
Thus, a gel can be defined as a two-component colloidal dispersion which has a
continuous structure with macroscopic dimensions. Gels are composed mainly
with a small amount of solid agent (minor component) named as gelator that is
able to form a three dimensional network (3D) that can immobilise a large
volume of solvent (major component).
This network provides viscoelastic properties and the formation of a gel can be
tested easily by the so-called “tube inversion test” where a gel is
considered if it remains immobilized upon turning up side down the recipient. Molecular gels have attracted an enormous amount of interest by their potential
applications proposed up to now in fields of great social impact like biomedicine
or materials science. Molecular gels are nanostructured soft materials formed by low-molecular-weight
organic compounds by the sole action of non-covalent intermolecular interactions
(solvophobic, ionic, H-bonding, π-π stacking, van der Waals, metal coordination,
etc.). These molecular interactions are reversible and can be modulated by
stimuli. Amazingly, very simple and easy to synthesize molecules are capable of selfassembly
into nanoscopic aggregates that form a 3D network that immobilises a
large amount of solvent.
Molecular gels are hierarchically built-up from the molecular to supramolecular
level.The molecules are organised into 1D objects that bundle into
fibrillar architectures, and after physical cross-linking, will form a network that
percolates the solvent. The gel is formed in a super-saturated solution, and
depending on the solubility constant and assembly mechanism, a given amount of
free gelator could remain in solution.4 In many cases gels are formed by
dissolution of gelator in hot solvent and subsequent cooling to a given
temperature. The supramolecular approach to the field of catalysis has attracted the attention
of many researchers since the pioneering work of Pedersen or Lehn in that field.5
Self-assembly is a ubiquitous phenomenon for the bottom-up construction of
supramolecular catalysts that aim to emulate the efficiency and selectivity of
natural enzymes due to the construction of a suprastructure capable of
performing a task that the individual components cannot achieve independently. [-]
Subject
Description
Treball Final de Grau en Química. Codi: QU0943. Curs: 2014/2015
Type
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- Grau en Química [265]