• openAccess   Changes in drug use in European cities during early COVID-19 lockdowns ? A snapshot from wastewater analysis 

      Been, Frederic; Emke, Erik; Matias, Joao Luis; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Boogaerts, Tim; Castiglioni, Sara; Campos-Mañas, Marina Celia; Celma, Alberto; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Hernandez, Felix; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; ter Laak, Thomas; Reid, Malcolm; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Steenbeek, Ruud; van Nuijs, Alexander; Zuccato, Ettore; Bijlsma, Lubertus Elsevier (2021-03-26)
      The COVID-19 outbreak has forced countries to introduce severe restrictive measures to contain its spread. In particular, physical distancing and restriction of movement have had important consequences on human behaviour ...
    • closedAccess   Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis 

      Bijlsma, Lubertus; Hernandez, Felix; Thomas, Kevin V.; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; Emke, Erik; Grabic, Roman; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Lindberg, Richard H.; López de Alda, Miren; Meierjohann, Axel; Ort, Christoph; Picó Gracia, Yolanda; Quintana, José B.; Reid, Malcolm; Rieckermann, Jörg; Terzic, Senka; van Nuijs, Alexander; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2012-08)
      The analysis of sewage for urinary biomarkers of illicit drugs is a promising and complementary approach for estimating the use of these substances in the general population. For the first time, this approach was simultaneously ...
    • closedAccess   Comparison of phosphodiesterase type V inhibitors use in eight European cities through analysis of urban wastewater 

      Causanilles, Ana; Rojas Cantillano, Daniela; Emke, Erik; Bade, Richard; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Castiglioni, Sara; Castrignanò, Erika; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Hernandez, Felix; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kinyua, Juliet; McCall, Ann Kathrin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Plosz, Benedek; Ramin, Pedram; Rousis, Nikolaos I; Ryu, Yeonsuk; Thomas, Kevin; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2018-06)
      In this work a step forward in investigating the use of prescription drugs, namely erectile dysfunction products, at European level was taken by applying the wastewater-based epidemiology approach. 24-h composite samples ...
    • closedAccess   Evaluation of Uncertainties Associated with the Determination of Community Drug Use through the Measurement of Sewage Drug Biomarkers 

      Castiglioni, Sara; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Covaci, Adrian; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; Reid, Malcolm; Ort, Christoph; Thomas, Kevin V.; van Nuijs, Alexander; de Voogt, Pim; Zuccato, Ettore American Chemical Society (2013)
      The aim of this study was to integrally address the uncertainty associated with all the steps used to estimate community drug consumption through the chemical analysis of sewage biomarkers of illicit drugs. Uncertainty has ...
    • openAccess   Facilitating high resolution mass spectrometry data processing for screening of environmental water samples: An evaluation of two deconvolution tools 

      Bade, Richard; Causanilles, Ana; Emke, Erik; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Sancho, Juan V; Hernandez, Felix; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2016)
      A screening approach was applied to influent and effluent wastewater samples. After injection in a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap, data analysis was performed using two deconvolution tools, MsXelerator (modules MPeaks and MS Compare) and ...
    • closedAccess   Improving wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate cannabis use: focus on the initial aspects of the analytical procedure 

      Causanilles, Ana; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Burgard, Daniel A.; Emke, Erik; González-Mariño, Iria; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Li, Angela; Love, Arndis S. C.; McCall, Ann Kathrin; Montes, Rosa; van Nuijs, Alexander; Ort, Christoph; Quintana, José B.; Senta, Ivan; Terzic, Senka; Hernandez, Felix; de Voogt, Pim; Bijlsma, Lubertus Elsevier (2017-10-02)
      estimating drug use by the general population, based on the quantitative analysis of specific human metabolites of illicit drugs in urban wastewater. Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug and of high interest for ...
    • closedAccess   Influent wastewater analysis to investigate emerging trends of new psychoactive substances use in Europe 

      Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Been, Frederic; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Boogaerts, Tim; Covaci, Adrian; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Matias, João; Ort, Christoph; Bodík, Igor; Heath, Ester; Styszko, Katarzyna; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; van Nuijs, Alexander; Castiglioni, Sara Elsevier (2024-01-27)
      Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can provide objective and timely information on the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), originally designed as legal alternatives of internationally controlled drugs. NPS have ...
    • closedAccess   International snapshot of new psychoactive substance use: Case study of eight countries over the 2019/2020 new year period 

      Bade, Richard; White, Jason M.; Chen, Jingjing; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Been, Frederic; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Universitat Jaume I. Departament de Química Física i Analítica; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castiglioni, Sara; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Celma, Alberto; Universitat Jaume I. Departament de Química Física i Analítica; Chappell, Andrew; Emke, Erik; Steenbeek, Ruud; Wang, Degao; Zuccato, Ettore; Gerber, Cobus Elsevier (2021-02-03)
      There is considerable concern around the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), but still little is known about how much they are really consumed. Analysis by forensics laboratories of seized drugs and post-mortem samples ...
    • openAccess   Investigation of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in Dutch sewage water by liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry 

      Bijlsma, Lubertus; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2012-11)
      An extensive study on the presence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals with potential for abuse in sewage waters was made for the first time in the Netherlands. A total number of 24 target drugs were investigated in ...
    • openAccess   Mass spectrometric strategies for the investigation of biomarkers of illicit drug use in wastewater 

      Hernandez, Felix; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Ort, Christoph; Reid, Malcolm; Vicente Sancho, Juan; Thomas, Kevin V.; van Nuijs, Alexander; Zuccato, Ettore; Bijlsma, Lubertus Wiley (2018)
      The analysis of illicit drugs in urban wastewater is the basis of wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE), and has received much scientific attention because the concentrations measured can be used as a new non‐intrusive tool ...
    • openAccess   Multi-year interlaboratory exercises for the analysis of illicit drugs and metabolites in wastewater: development of a quality control system 

      van Nuijs, Alexander; Lai, Foon Yin; Been, Frederic; Andrés-Costa, Maria Jesús; Barron, León P.; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Benaglia, Lisa; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castiglioni, Sara; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Fick, Jerker; Hernandez, Felix; Gerber, Cobus; González-Marino, Iria; Grabic, Roman; Gunnar, Teemu; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Karolak, Sara; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kokot, Zenon; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Li, Angela; Li, Xiqing; Love, Arndis S. C.; López de Alda, Miren; McCall, Ann Kathrin; Meyer, Markus R.; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake; Quintana, José B.; Reid, Malcolm; Schneider, Serge; Sadler Simoes, Susana; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin; Yargeau, Viviane; Ort, Christoph Elsevier (2018)
      This study presents the development of a worldwide inter-laboratory testing scheme for the analysis of seven illicit drug residues in different matrices (standard solutions, tap- and wastewater). By repeating this exercise ...
    • closedAccess   New psychoactive substances in several European populations assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology 

      Castiglioni, Sara; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Celma, Alberto; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Beldean-Galea, Mihail Simion; Mackuľak, Tomáš; Emke, Erik; Heath, Ester; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Kovacevic, Andjelka; Poretti, Francesco; Rangelov, Jeliaz; Santos, Miguel M.; Sremački, Maja; Hernandez, Felix; Zuccato, Ettore Elsevier (2021)
      Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can be a useful tool to face some of the existing challenges in monitoring the use of new psychoactive substances (NPS), as it can provide objective and updated infor- mation. This ...
    • closedAccess   Occurrence and fate of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals in wastewater from two wastewater treatment plants in Costa Rica 

      Causanilles, Ana; Ruepert, Clemens; Ibáñez, Maria; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2017)
      Chemical analysis of raw wastewater in order to assess the presence of biological markers entering a wastewater treatment plant can provide objective information about the health and lifestyle of the population connected ...
    • openAccess   Performance of the linear ion trap Orbitrap mass analyzer for qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse and relevant metabolites in sewage water 

      Bijlsma, Lubertus; Emke, Erik; Hernandez, Felix; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2013-03-20)
      This work illustrates the potential of liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid linear ion trap Fourier Transform Orbitrap mass spectrometer for the simultaneous identification and quantification of 24 drugs of abuse and ...
    • openAccess   Risk assessment for drugs of abuse in the Dutch watercycle 

      Van der Aa, Monique; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Emke, Erik; Dijkman, Ellen; van Nuijs, Alexander; Van de Ven, Bianca; Hernandez, Felix; Versteegh, Hans; de Voogt, Pim Elsevier (2013-04)
      A screening campaign of drugs of abuse (DOA) and their relevant metabolites in the aqueous environment was performed in the Netherlands. The presence of DOA, together with the potential risks for the environment and the ...
    • openAccess   Sewage-based Epidemiology Requires a Truly Transdisciplinary Approach 

      Ort, Christoph; Banta-Green, Caleb J.; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Castiglioni, Sara; Emke, Erik; Gartner, Coral; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Reid, Malcolm; Rieckermann, Jörg; van Nuijs, Alexander oekom verlag (2014)
      If asked whether you had consumed illicit drugs recently, would you admit it? If yes, could you precisely recall types of drug, times and amounts used? If you were the person commissioned with the task of quantifying drug ...
    • closedAccess   Spatial and temporal assessment of crack cocaine use in 13 European cities through wastewater-based epidemiology 

      Steenbeek, Ruud; Emke, Erik; Vughs, Dennis; Matias, Joao Luis; Boogaerts, Tim; Castiglioni, Sara; Campos-Mañas, Marina Celia; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; ter Laak, Thomas; Hernandez, Felix; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Meijer, Wim; Dias, Mario J.; Simoes, Susana; van Nuijs, Alexander; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Been, Frederic Elsevier (2022-07-25)
      Already in early 2000s, concerns have been growing in the EU about increasing use of cocaine and it is estimated that below 1% of the population administer the drug by smoking crack cocaine. New available data suggests ...
    • openAccess   Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis 

      Ort, Christoph; van Nuijs, Alexander; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Castiglioni, Sara; Covaci, Adrian; de Voogt, Pim; Emke, Erik; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Griffiths, Paul; Hernandez, Felix; González-Mariño, Iria; Grabic, Roman; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Mastroianni, Nicola; Meierjohann, Axel; Nefau, Thomas; Östman, Marcus; Picó Gracia, Yolanda; Racamonde, Inés; Reid, Malcolm; Slobodnik, Jaroslav; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin V. Wiley (2014-08)
      Aims To perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population. Design Analyses of raw wastewater over a 1-week period in 2012 and 2013. Setting ...
    • openAccess   Spatio‐temporal assessment of illicit drug use at large scale: evidence from 7 years of international wastewater monitoring 

      González-Mariño, Iria; Baz Lomba, Jose Antonio; Alygizakis, Nikiforos; Andrés-Costa, Maria Jesús; Bade, Richard; Bannwarth, Anne; Barron, Leon; Been, Frederic; Benaglia, Lisa; Berset, Jean-Daniel; Bijlsma, Lubertus; Bodík, Igor; Brenner, Asher; Brock, Andreas L.; Burgard, Daniel A.; Castrignanò, Erika; Celma, Alberto; Christophoridis, Christophoros; Covaci, Adrian; Delémont, Olivier; de Voogt, Pim; Devault, Damien A.; Mário J. Dias, Mário J.; Emke, Erik; Esseiva, Pierre; Fatta-Kassinos, Despo; Fedorova, Ganna; Fytianos, Konstantinos; Gerber, Cobus; Grabic, Roman; GRACIA LOR, EMMA; Grüner, Stefan; Gunnar, Teemu; Hapeshi, Evroula; Heath, Ester; Helm, Björn; Hernandez, Felix; Kankaanpaa, Aino; Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara; Krizman-Matasic, Ivona; Lai, Foon Yin; Lechowicz, Wojciech; Lopes, Alvaro; López de Alda, Miren; López-García, Ester; Löve, Arndís; Mastroianni, Nicola; McEneff, Gillian; Montes, Rosa; Munro, Kelly; Nefau, Thomas; Oberacher, Herbert; O'Brien, Jake William; Oertel, Reinhard; Olafsdottir, Kristin; Picó, Yolanda; Plosz, Benedek; Polesel, Fabio; Postigo, Cristina; Quintana, José Benito; Ramin Pedram; Reid, Malcolm J.; Rice, Jack; Rodil, Rosario; Salgueiro-González, Noelia; Schubert, Sara; Senta, Ivan; Simões, Susana M.; Sremački, Maja; Styszko, Katarzyna; Terzic, Senka; Thomaidis, Nikolaos; Thomas, Kevin V.; Tscharke, Ben J.; Udrisard, Robin; van Nuijs, Alexander; Yargeau Viviane; Zuccato, Ettore; Castiglioni, Sara; Ort, Christoph Wiley (2020-01)
      Background and aims: Wastewater‐based epidemiology is an additional indicator of drug use that is gaining reliability to complement the current established panel of indicators. The aims of this study were to: (i) assess ...