2024-03-29T16:01:13Zhttps://repositori.uji.es/oai/requestoai:repositori.uji.es:10234/1232832023-01-30T08:32:14Zcom_10234_33596com_10234_9col_10234_33597
Repositori UJI
author
Boix Sales, Clara
author
Ibáñez, Maria
author
Bijlsma, Lubertus
author
Sancho, Juan V
author
Hernandez, Felix
2015-06-12T07:57:15Z
2015-06-12T07:57:15Z
2014-03
0045-6535
http://hdl.handle.net/10234/123283
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.007
11-Nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) is commonly selected as biomarker for the investigation of cannabis consumption through wastewater analysis. The removal efficiency of THC-COOH in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been reported to vary between 31% and 98%. Accordingly, possible transformation products (TPs) of this metabolite might be formed during treatment processes or in receiving surface water under environmental conditions. In this work, surface water was spiked with THC-COOH and subjected to hydrolysis, chlorination and photo-degradation (both ultraviolet and simulated sunlight) experiments under laboratory-controlled conditions. One hydrolysis, eight chlorination, three ultraviolet photo-degradation and seven sunlight photo-degradation TPs were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF MS). In a subsequent step, THC-COOH and the identified TPs were searched in wastewater samples using LC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with triple quadrupole. THC-COOH was found in all influent and effluent wastewater samples analyzed, although at significant lower concentrations in the effluent samples. The removal efficiency of WWTP under study was approximately 86%. Furthermore, THC-COOH was also investigated in several surface waters, and it was detected in 50% of the samples analyzed. Regarding TPs, none were found in influent wastewater, while one hydrolysis and five photo-degradation (simulated sunlight) TPs were detected in effluent and surface waters. The most detected compound, resulting from sunlight photo-degradation, was found in 60% of surface waters analyzed. This fact illustrates the importance of investigating these TPs in the aquatic environment.
eng
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V
Cannabis biomarkers
Wastewater
Surface water
Removal efficiency
Transformation/degradation products
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Investigation of cannabis biomarkers and transformation products in waters by liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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